plants

• what are all living organisms made out of 


  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
• for carbon to be organic it ...


  Has to be bound to hydrogen
• Two types of reactions

  Anabolic + catabolic
• endothermic reactions 


  -Need energy

  • anabolic
  • condensation
  • small + soluble to large+ insoluble
• Exothermic reactions

  • releases energy
  • catabolic
  • hydrolysis
  • large + insoluble to small + soluble
• anabolic reactions 


  build up large molecules from smaller ones
• catabolic reactions 


  break down large molecules into smaller ones
• photosynthesis equation ( word )

  carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

  sunlight
• photosynthesis equation (symbol)

  CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2
• photosynthesis equation (symbol/balanced)

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• chlorophyll function


  absorb light
• plants are autotrophs (self feeding) they take simple substances from their environment and use light energy to build them up into complex food compounds
• chloroplasts act as


  transducers
• oxygen is used for 


  respirtaion
• glucose is used for 


  respiration and is converted into insoluble starch and stored
• adaption


  A characteristic that alloys an organism to survive better in its environment
• epidermis


  a covering which is usually 1 cell thick prevents disease causing organisms from entering
• palisade mesophyll 


  absorbs light
• spongy mesophyll 


  aid in diffusion
• vein


  a transport system in/out the leaf

  the xylem delivers, the phloem sieve tubes carry away
• open stomata 


  when the plant has lots of water it opens
• closed stomata 


  when plant doesnt have a lot of water it closes
• respiration word equation


  oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
• respiration symbol equation


  C6H12O6 + O2 -> ATP + H20 + CO2
• respiration balanced symbol equation


  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> ATP + 6H2O + 6CO2
• oxygen made in photosynthesis can be used in respiration. if the rate of photosynthesis exceeds the rate of respiration the plant removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the atmosphere
• if the rate of respiration exceeds the rate of photosynthesis plant add CO2 and removes O2 from the atmosphere
• when the rate of photosynthesis sand rate ofrespiration is the same it is called the

  compensation point
• the more acidic it is the more


  more CO2

  more carbonic acid

  more respiration
• the more alkaline it is the less / more


  less CO2

  less carbonic acid

  more photosynthesis
• nitrates 


  needed for amino acids and protein if there is a deficiency stunted growth , weak stem, yellow + dying leaves
• phosphates 


  healthy roots
• potassium 


  healthy leaves + flowers
• magnesium 


  part of chlorophyll molecule, deficiency causes chlorosis - leaves turn yellow from bottom up
• mineral ions get in the soil from

  decomposition of animals and plant remains

  carried in by flooding rivers

  break down of bedrock
• fertilizers replenish farmer’s soil
• NPK fertilisers 


  nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
• natural fertilisers 


  sewage sludge, animal manure, compost
• organisms that cant make their own food feed off of other organisms they are

  heterotrophs
• carbohydrates sources 


  rice, potatoes, wheat