topic 2

• explain why Cromwell fell from power- cleves marriage

  looked like a horse

  Cromwell arranged the marriage

  foreign wife= foreign allies schmalkaldic league (German league of protestants)

  Henry wouldn't consummate so therefore he couldn't get a son

  significance:

  nobles (Norfolk) exploits this by getting his niece to attract Henry (Cath Howard)

  Cromwell failed and Norfolk succeeded

  yet Cromwell fixes his own problem and gets h an annulment from cleves
• explain why Cromwell fell from power- enemies/ambition

  charged with treason "trying to rival king and marry his daughter"

  Cromwell publicly defended Wolsey (shows his loyalty)

  significance:

  nobles exploit Cromwells ambition

  nobles fabricated lies about Cromwell (above)

  nobles always ready to pounce when Henry makes a mistake
• explain why cromwell fell from power- Henrys personality

  1536 jousting accident changed him completely

  less trusting very paranoid and resentful

  significance:

  Henry more likely to listen to the nobles tiny to manipulate him
• explain why Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536- failure to provide heir

  jan 1536- suffered a miscarriage

  shattered henrys hopes for a male heir

  Henry asked god whether he was being punished for marrying anne

  significance:

  desperate to ensure line of succession

  no male heir means threat of civil war (Yorkists)

  seen as disloyal to Henry as not helping the kings great matter
• explain why Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536- threat to cromwell

  Cromwell worked with Anne to secure her marriage to henry

  Cromwell feared Henry would blame him for their marriage

  plenty of courtiers (Norfolk) resented Cromwells power

  Cromwell had to show he could still solve henrys problems

  significance:

  Cromwell under immense pressure

  marriage seen as his failure as much as annes

  catalyst in her execution
• explain why Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536- international events

  feared that Charles would invade due to break from Rome and henrys treatment of his aunt catherine

  cromwell anxious to improve relations whilst Anne is queen- she was in the way and had to go

  significance:

  more reasons Cromwell had to get rid of anne

  tarnished Charles's family reputation which angered him greatly- threat of invasion
• why Cromwell made reforms to the government in 1530s- financial

  Henry constantly needed more money

  worried about invasion from Charles or francis

  closed all monasteries and sold all their land and possessions

  extra £130k per year

  builds the Mary rose warship (named after his sister)

  significance:

  to achieve military glory (Edward III and Henry V)

  threat of invasion always a possibility so always needs extra money just incase
• why Cromwell made reforms to the government in 1530s- high crime rates

  liberties and sanctuaries allow people to escape inprisonment (2 loopholes)

  undermines henrys authority

  abolishes them s= 1540 l= 1536

  significance:

  needs to make sure Henry is as powerful as possible

  needs to reinforce Henry as the supreme head of the Church of England
• why Cromwell made reforms to the government in 1530s- threats of parliament

  parliament is ineffective- all need to agree with the king

  Cromwell introduces the divide vote so traitors are easily identified

  Cromwell increases the frequency of the meetings

  propaganda pamphlets, threats and bribery

  removes privy council from parliament but keeps them in London

  reduces pc members from 70 to 20

  gave pc more duties and legal power

  significance:

  guaranteeing success for henry

  makes the reformation easier

  prevents a power inbalance