Behaviourist approach

• What is the behaviourist approach?

  Theory of learning which states all behaviours are learned through our interactions with the environment by conditioning.
• What is classical conditioning?

  Learning that happens unconsciously whereby an automatic conditioned response is paired witha specific stimulus.
• What is operant conditioning?

  Method of learning that employs rewards and punishments.
• Who founded classical conditioning?

  Pavlov
• Who was the founder of the Little Albert case study?

  Watson.
• What was the aim and procedure of Little Albert case study?

  The aim was to test if classical conditioning can also be applied to humans. In the experiment Albert was shown a rat and other animals and had no reaction, but was found to cry when there was a loud noise. So at 11 months he was presented with a rat at the same time as the loud noise and cried.
• What is the UCS in Little Albert?

  Loud noise
• What is the UCR in Little Albert?

  Baby cried.
• What is the NS in Little Albert?

  Animals
• What is the CS in Little Albert?

  Animal
• What is the CR in Little Albert?

  Cried
• Who was the founder of operant conditioning?

  BF Skinner
• What is positive reinforcement?

  It involves a reward e.g worker gets paid.
• What is positive punishment?

  Recieving something unpleasant e.g drivers get caught speeding so get a fine.
• What is negative reinforcement?

  Removal of or escaping from something unpleasant e.g choke collar on dog.
• What is negative punishment?

  Removing something desirable e.g toys taken of child.
• What is the antecedent in Skinners Box?

  What happens prior to a behaviour.
• What is reinforcement?

  It refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of future behaviour.
• What is indirect reinforcement?

  When you observe a person performing a certain behaviour and you receive either positive or negative reinforcement.