Glycolysis

• What is glycolysis?

  The first stage of respiration
• Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?

  In the cytoplasm of the cell
• What are the main processes involved in glycolysis?

  • Trapping glucose by phosphorylation
  • Splitting the glucose molecule
  • Producing pyruvate, ATP, and reduced NAD
• What are the end products of glycolysis?

  2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules, net gain of 2 ATP, and 2 reduced NAD
• What is the first step of glycolysis?

  • Phosphorylation: glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to form fructose bisphosphate (6C)
• What is the chemical equation for the phosphorylation step in glycolysis?

  Glucose + 2ATP → Fructose bisphosphate
• What happens during the lysis step of glycolysis?

  • Fructose bisphosphate (6C) splits into two molecules of triose phosphate (3C)
• What is produced during the lysis step of glycolysis?

  Two molecules of triose phosphate (3C)
• What occurs during the oxidation step of glycolysis?

  • Hydrogen is removed from each triose phosphate and transferred to coenzyme NAD to form 2 reduced NAD
• What is the chemical equation for the oxidation step in glycolysis?

  4H + 2NAD → 2NADH + 2H+
• What happens during the dephosphorylation step of glycolysis?

  • Phosphates are transferred from intermediate substrate molecules to form 4 ATP through substrate-linked phosphorylation
• What is the chemical equation for the dephosphorylation step in glycolysis?

  4Pi + 4ADP → 4ATP
• What is the final product of glycolysis?

  • Pyruvate, produced from the conversion of 2 triose phosphate
• What is the chemical equation for the production of pyruvate in glycolysis?

  2 Triose phosphate → 2 Pyruvate