Role of NAD and FAD

• What role do coenzymes NAD and FAD play in aerobic respiration?

  They play a critical role in aerobic respiration
• What happens to hydrogen atoms during respiration in relation to NAD and FAD?

  NAD and FAD accept hydrogen atoms at different points during respiration
• What are the components of a hydrogen atom?

  A hydrogen atom consists of a hydrogen ion and an electron
• What does it mean for coenzymes to be 'reduced'?

  When coenzymes gain a hydrogen, they are 'reduced'
• What does OIL RIG stand for?

  Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
• What do NAD and FAD do with hydrogen atoms during respiration?

  They transfer hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain
• Where is the electron transport chain located?

  On the inner mitochondrial membrane
• What happens to coenzymes when hydrogen atoms are removed?

  When hydrogen atoms are removed, the coenzymes are 'oxidized'
• Why are hydrogen ions and electrons important in the electron transport chain?

  They play a role in the synthesis of ATP
• What are the forms of reduced NAD and FAD?

  Reduced NAD is NADH and reduced FAD is FADH2
• What happens to hydrogen ions from reduced NAD and FAD when electrons are lost?

  Hydrogen ions are released when the electrons are lost
• What drives the movement of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

  The electron transport chain drives the movement of hydrogen ions
• What is created as a result of hydrogen ions moving into the intermembrane space?

  A proton gradient is created
• What happens when hydrogen ions move down the proton gradient?

  It provides the energy required for ATP synthesis
• How much reduced NAD is produced during the aerobic respiration of a single glucose molecule?

  • 2 from Glycolysis
  • 2 from the Link Reaction
  • 6 from the Krebs cycle

  Total: 10 reduced NAD
• How much reduced FAD is produced during the aerobic respiration of a single glucose molecule?

  • 2 from the Krebs cycle

  Total: 2 reduced FAD
• How many reduced NAD are produced from glycolysis?

  2
• How many reduced NAD are produced from the Link Reaction?

  2
• How many reduced NAD are produced from the Krebs cycle?

  6
• How many reduced FAD are produced from the Krebs cycle?

  2