2.5.1 Languages & Translators

• What are the two types of programming languages used within computer systems?

  High-Level Languages and Low-Level Languages
• Why do programmers use high-level languages?

  They are easier to understand and use, resembling natural human language.
• What is a key advantage of using high-level languages over low-level languages?

  High-level languages lead to fewer errors and allow for more complex commands.
• What must happen to high-level languages before they can be run?

  They must be translated into machine code (binary).
• Name three popular high-level programming languages.

  Python, C++, and Java
• What do low-level languages not closely resemble?

  A natural human language
• When are low-level languages typically used?

  When a program must be executed quickly or interacts directly with hardware.
• What are the two types of low-level languages?

  Machine Code and Assembly Language
• What is machine code?

  Pure binary code that computers can directly process and execute.
• Why is machine code difficult for humans to understand?

  It is extremely tedious and complex.
• What is an advantage of using machine code?

  It executes faster than high-level programs.
• What does assembly language use to perform actions?

  Specialised command mnemonics
• Why do many programmers prefer assembly language over machine code?

  It is easier to understand and spot errors.
• What is the function of a translator in programming?

  It changes a program written in one language into another language.
• What are the two main types of translator?

  Interpreter and Compiler
• How does an interpreter work?

  It converts high-level language one line at a time into machine code and executes it.
• What is a key difference in execution speed between an interpreter and a compiler?

  An interpreter is slower because it reinterprets code each time the program runs.
• What is one advantage of using a compiler?

  It produces an executable file that can run on other machines without needing the compiler.
• How does error reporting differ between interpreters and compilers?

  An interpreter reports errors immediately and stops the program from running.
• What must happen to compiled programs after changes are made?

  They must be re-compiled.
• How do high-level languages compare to low-level languages in terms of ease of understanding?

  High-level languages are easier to understand than low-level languages.
• Which type of language requires translation: high-level or low-level?

  High-level languages require translation.
• Which type of language is quicker to execute: high-level or low-level?

  Low-level languages are quicker to execute.
• What are the key features to compare between interpreters and compilers?

  • Execution Method
  • Execution Speed
  • Complexity
  • Error Reporting
  • Repetition