Erik Erikson

• What was the theory of Erikson?

  Psychosocial Development Stages Theory
• Erik Erikson - was the German founder of the Psychosocial Theory who later became an American citizen
• Theory of Psychosocial Development Stages - states that human beings go through many stages, generally based on age, as they add to their personality
• Respond Adaptively - acquire strengths needed for next developmental stage
• Respond Maladaptively - less likely to be able to adapt to later problems
• Basic Strengths - motivating characteristics and beliefs that derive from successful resolution of crisis
• Childhood - a stage in the development that is very important in personality development
• Personality - shaped over the life span; experiences later in life can heal problems in early childhood
• What are the 8 Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development?

  Trust versus Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame/Doubt, Initiative versus Guilt, Industry versus Inferiority, Identity versus Role Confusion, Intimacy versus Isolation, Generativity versus Stagnation, Integrity versus Despair
• What is the first stage?

  Trust versus Mistrust
• Trust versus Mistrust - in this stage, a person is totally dependent on others
• Trust - a child develops when caregiver meets their needs
• Mistrust - a child develops if caregiver does not meet their needs
• Hope - a belief that our desires will be satisfied; a feeling of confidence
• Secure Attachment - a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his/her caregiver
• Insecure-Avoidant Attachment - a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver
• Temperament - is defined as the "biologically based core of individual differences in styles of approach and response to the environment that is stable across time and situations
• Autonomy versus Shame/Doubt - in this stage, the child is able to exercise some degree of choice
• Shame and doubt - develops when a child's independence is thwarted
• Will - determination to exercise freedom of choice in face of society's demands
• Authoritarian Parenting - an approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment for misconduct
• Initiative versus Guilt - in this stage, the child expresses desire to take initiative in activities
• Purpose - courage to envision and pursue goals
• Industry versus Inferiority - in this stage, a child develops cognitive abilities to enable in task completion
• Competence - exertion of skill and intelligence in pursuing and completing tasks
• Industry - develops when children have successful experience in school, activities, etc.
• Inferiority - develops when children have negative experience that lead to feelings of incompetence
• Identity versus Role Confusion - a strong sense of identity, or identity crisis
• Fidelity - emerges from cohesive ego identity; sincerity, genuineness, sense of duty in relationships with others
• Intimacy versus Isolation - in this stage, it includes to undertake productive work and establish intimate relationship
• Love - mutual devotion in a shared identity; fusing of oneself with another person
• Generativity versus Stagnation - active involvement in teaching/guiding the next generation
• Stagnation - involves not seeking outlets for generativity
• Care - broad concern for others; need to teach others
• Generativity - means giving back to the next generation; caring for others
• Ego Integrity versus Despair - in this stage, one evaluate their entire life
• Integrity - look back to their life with satisfaction
• Despair - reviews life with anger, frustration
• Wisdom - detached concern with the whole of life
• What are stages of acceptance of death?

  Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance