mitosis

• What happens to chromosomes during prophase of mitosis?

  Chromosomes coil, condense, shorten, thicken, and become visible
• How do chromosomes appear during prophase?

  They appear as two sister chromatids joined at the centromere
• What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase?

  Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
• How are chromosomes attached during metaphase?

  They are attached to spindle fibres by their centromere
• What occurs during anaphase regarding the centromere?

  The centromere splits or divides
• What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

  Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
• What is the behavior of chromatids during telophase?

  Chromatids uncoil, unwind, and become longer and thinner
• What are the key stages of chromosome behavior during mitosis?

  • Prophase: Chromosomes coil, condense, and become visible as sister chromatids.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the equator and attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres.
  • Anaphase: Centromeres split, and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
  • Telophase: Chromatids uncoil and become longer and thinner.
• • Mitosis produces two identical ‘daughter’ cells for growth or repair of tissue
• • The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis
  • Interphase is a period of growth and DNA replication that is divided into three stages: G1, S, and G2
  • During G1 (gap phase 1), the cell grows and makes organelles and proteins that will be needed
  • During S (synthesis), the DNA replicates
  • During G2 (gap phase 2), the cell grows again and proteins needed for cell division are made
  • Mitosis is a period of cell division that has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and cytokinesis
• prophase


  • chromosomes (made of two identical sister chromatids) condense and become visible (become shorter and fatter)
  • centrioles move to opposite ends of cell and start forming a network of fibres called the spindle
  • nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes are free in the cytoplasm
• metaphase


  • The chromosomes line up along the equator (middle) of the cell and attach themselves to the spindle via their centromere
• anaphase


  • The centromeres divide and the sister chromatids separate
  • Each sister chromatid is pulled to the opposite end of the cell
• telephase and cytokinesis ( splitting of the cytoplasm )

  • The chromosomes reach their respective poles and become longer and thinner
  • The nuclear envelope reforms
  • The cell become longer and thinner in the middle and eventually splits into two
• Complete the following statement:

  During mitosis, animal cells separate the two copies of DNA using organelles called centrosomes, which are each made up of two cylinders called centrioles
• What condenses at prophase?

  In prophase, the chromatin condenses into pairs of sister chromatids, joined together at the centromere.
• Compare prophase and telophase

  The processes are reversed