CB7

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Cards (37)

What is the role of the hormonal system in the body?
It brings about responses in the body.
What are hormones?
They are chemical messengers carried in the blood and released from endocrine glands.
Which gland produces thyroxine?
The thyroid gland.
What hormone is produced by the adrenal gland?
Adrenalin.
What hormone do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen.
Which hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?
ACTH, FSH, LH, and growth hormone.
What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
Insulin and glucagon.
What hormone do the testes produce?
Testosterone.
What is a target organ?
An organ that is affected by a specific hormone.
What is metabolic rate?
It is the rate at which energy stored in food is transferred by chemical reactions to keep you alive.
How is resting metabolic rate measured?
With the body at rest in a warm room long after a meal.
What effect does thyroxine have on metabolic rate?
It stimulates basal metabolic rate and increases the breakdown of proteins and carbohydrates.
How does thyroxine affect heart cells?
It causes heart cells to contract more rapidly and strongly.
What is negative feedback?
It is when changes occur to restore the original level if a factor in the environment increases or decreases.
What is menstruation?
The breakdown and loss of the lining of the uterus.
What is ovulation?
The release of an egg from an ovary.
What is fertilization?
The fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.
What is pregnancy?
The time during which a fertilized egg develops in the uterus until birth.
What is puberty?
The stage of life when the body develops in ways that allow for reproduction.
What is menopause?
When the menstrual cycle stops completely.
What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?
Days 1-5: Menstruation occurs; the uterus lining breaks down.
Day 11: Uterus lining starts to thicken again.
Days 13-15: Ovulation occurs; the ovary releases an egg.
Day 23: The egg travels along the oviducts to the uterus.
What is the role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?
It causes growth and repair of the uterus lining and stops the release of FSH.
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
It maintains the uterus lining and stops FSH and LH release.
What does FSH do?
It stimulates growth and maturation of the egg and the release of oestrogen.
What is the function of LH?
It causes ovulation.
What are the types of contraception mentioned?
Male condom: barrier contraceptive, 98% success rate.
Diaphragm or cap: barrier contraceptive, 92-96% success rate.
Hormone pill or implant: releases hormones to prevent ovulation, >99% success rate.
What is assisted reproductive therapy (ART)?
ART uses hormones and other technologies to increase the chance of pregnancy.
What is clomifene therapy?
It is a drug that helps to increase the concentration of FSH and LH in the blood.
What are the stages of IVF (in vitro fertilisation)?
Egg follicle maturation stimulated by hormones.
Egg cells released and taken from ovary; sperm cells taken from man.
Eggs and sperm combined for fertilisation.
One or two healthy embryos placed in the uterus.
What is homeostasis?
It is the maintenance of constant conditions in the body.
What conditions need to be controlled in homeostasis?
Glucose levels, salt levels, temperature, and water levels.
What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?
Insulin is released to lower blood glucose levels.
What is the role of insulin?
It triggers the liver to take up glucose and turn it into glycogen for storage.
What happens when blood glucose levels are too low?
Glucagon is released to raise blood glucose levels.
What is Type 1 diabetes?
It occurs when pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed by the immune system.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
It occurs when pancreatic cells produce too little insulin or target organs don't respond to it properly.
What are common treatments for Type 2 diabetes?
Exercising and eating healthily; severe cases may require medication.