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• What are the main components to draw in an animal cell diagram?

  • Plasma membrane
  • Vacuole
  • Lysosome
  • Mitochondria
  • Centrosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Nucleolus
  • Nucleoplasm
  • Nuclear double membrane
  • Nuclear envelope
• What is the function of the plasma membrane in an animal cell?

  It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• What is the role of mitochondria in an animal cell?

  They produce energy through cellular respiration.
• What is the function of lysosomes in an animal cell?

  Lysosomes digest waste materials and cellular debris.
• What is the role of the nucleus in an animal cell?

  The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material.
• What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell?

  It synthesizes and processes proteins.
• What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in an animal cell?

  It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.
• What is the function of vacuoles in an animal cell?

  Vacuoles store nutrients and waste products.
• What is the role of centrosomes in an animal cell?

  Centrosomes organize microtubules and are involved in cell division.
• What is the function of the nucleolus in an animal cell?

  The nucleolus produces ribosomes.
• What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope in an animal cell?

  The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus and regulates passage in and out.
• Why are mitochondria referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?

  Because they produce energy in the form of ATP through respiration
• What is the role of haemoglobin in Red Blood Cells?

  Haemoglobin helps to transport oxygen
• How does the biconcave disk shape of Red Blood Cells benefit their function?

  It provides more surface area to absorb and release oxygen
• Why are Red Blood Cells able to pass through capillaries easily?

  Because of their flexible biconcave shape
• What are the modifications of epidermal cells for gas exchange and absorption?

  • For gas exchange: Modified as guard cells to regulate stoma opening and closing
  • For absorption: Modified as root hair cells to absorb water and minerals
• What is the function of guard cells in the epidermis?

  They regulate the opening and closing of stoma for gas exchange
• What is the purpose of root hair cells in the epidermis?

  To absorb water and minerals
• What is the function of nuclear pores (F)?

  Nuclear pores manage the transport of substances between the nucleus and the cell.
• What organelles are formed by the nucleolus (E)?

  Ribosomes are formed by the nucleolus.
• What happens to the nucleolus (E) during cell division?

  The nucleolus disappears during cell division.
• How is cell shape related to cell function? Provide three examples.

  • Red Blood Cells: Biconcave disk shape maximizes surface area for oxygen absorption and release.
  • Muscle Cells: Elongated shape allows for effective contractions.
  • Neurons: Wire-like structure facilitates message transmission between the brain and body.
• Which cells in plants do not have a nucleus?

  Some plant cells, like mature sieve tube elements, do not have a nucleus.
• How do cells without a nucleus perform their functions?

  They rely on the cytoplasm and other organelles to carry out necessary functions.
• Do sieve tube cells in plants have a nucleus?

  No, sieve tube cells do not have a nucleus.
• What is the function of sieve tube cells in plants?

  They help conduct food easily.
• Do red blood cells in animals have a nucleus?

  No, red blood cells do not have a nucleus.
• What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  Transportation of oxygen.
• Why are red blood cells lighter?

  Because they do not have a nucleus, allowing them to carry more oxygen.
• What color are unripe oranges?

  Green.
• What happens to the color of oranges after ripening?

  Their color changes from green to orange.
• Which organelles' number changes in oranges during ripening?

  The number of chromoplasts changes during ripening.
• What is the role of chromoplasts in plants?

  They are responsible for making plants appear colored other than green.
• What structures are present in all cells of all kingdoms, and what is one function of each?

  • Cell membrane: Regulates exchange of materials.
  • Chromosomes (genes): Carry information from parents to offspring.
  • Cytoplasm: Provides a site for biochemical reactions.
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins needed by the cell.
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  It regulates the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment.
• What do chromosomes carry?

  Bits of information that transfer from parents to offspring.
• What is the function of cytoplasm?

  It provides a site for many biochemical reactions.
• What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

  They are involved in protein synthesis needed by the cell.
• Which organelles are abundant in salivary gland cells?

  • Ribosomes: For protein synthesis (salivary enzymes).
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum: For processing and transporting proteins.
  • Golgi apparatus: For modifying and packaging proteins.
• What are Golgi bodies abundant in salivary gland cells used for?

  They contain secretory vesicles that contain saliva.