Psychological problems

    Cards (51)

    • What are individual effects of mental health problems?
      They affect the person experiencing them and their social environment.
    • What is a significant change in eating associated with mental health problems?
      Significant increase or decrease in eating.
    • How do mental health problems affect relationships?
      They cause struggles to maintain relationships.
    • What difficulties do individuals with mental health problems face in daily activities?
      Struggles to get out of bed, attend school/work, and shower.
    • What is one social effect of mental health problems?
      An increase in crime rates.
    • What is another social effect of mental health problems?
      Higher unemployment rates.
    • What is a consequence of mental health problems on healthcare services?
      Strain on the NHS with an average wait of 18 months.
    • What is unipolar depression?
      A consistent state of low mood.
    • What is bipolar depression?
      Low mood alternates with episodes of mania.
    • How does sadness differ from depression?
      Sadness is a normal emotional reaction where one can still focus and function.
    • What are some individual effects of mental illness?
      Feelings of guilt, risk-taking, changes in appetite, and low energy levels.
    • What is the ICD-10?
      The International Classification of Diseases manual.
    • What are key symptoms of depression listed in the ICD-10?
      Low mood, loss of interest, reduced energy, changes in sleep and appetite, and decreased self-confidence.
    • How is mild depression characterized?
      By 2-3 key symptoms plus 2 others.
    • How is moderate depression characterized?
      By 5-6 symptoms.
    • How is severe depression characterized?
      By 7 or more symptoms.
    • What are the biological explanations of depression?
      Low serotonin levels can lead to feelings of low mood.
    • What role do neurotransmitters play in depression?
      They help messages pass across synapses, and low levels can cause depression.
    • How can diet affect serotonin levels?
      A diet lacking in foods high in fiber and tryptophan can lead to low serotonin levels.
    • What is the cognitive explanation of depression?
      It focuses on faulty thinking, negative schemas, and attributions.
    • What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive explanation of depression?
      Strengths:
      • Applicable to real life
      • Led to successful treatments like CBT

      Weaknesses:
      • Ignores biological factors
      • Some negative thoughts may be realistic
    • What is the cognitive triad in depression?
      Negative views about the world, oneself, and the future.
    • What is the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating depression?
      They are the most common medication to treat depression.
    • When did SSRIs first become available?
      In the 1980s.
    • How do SSRIs work?
      They block the transporter protein, allowing serotonin to build up in the synaptic cleft.
    • What is the effect of increased serotonin in the synaptic cleft?
      It makes the person feel happier.
    • What does SSRI stand for?
      Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
    • What is the primary use of SSRIs?
      They are used as antidepressants.
    • What is a potential strength of antidepressants?
      They can provide relatively quick alleviation of symptoms.
    • What is a limitation of antidepressants?
      They can be very expensive.
    • What is a risk associated with the use of SSRIs?
      Patients could become dependent on them.
    • What is a potential issue with the dosage of antidepressants?
      Wrong dosage could lead to ineffective treatment.
    • What are the strengths and limitations of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in treating depression?
      Strengths:
      • Effective in treating depression
      • Evidence shows significant improvement in patients

      Limitations:
      • Patients may struggle to engage with CBT due to severe depression
      • Initial medication may be necessary for motivation
    • What did March (2007) find regarding CBT and medication?
      81% of patients treated with CBT improved significantly.
    • What is the aim of the Wiles study?
      To investigate the effectiveness of CBT in patients not improving with medication.
    • What was the method used in the Wiles study?
      Participants were randomly allocated to receive either CBT with medication or only medication.
    • What percentage of the CBT group showed improvement after 6 months?
      46%
    • What is the definition of addiction?
      Using a substance in harmful amounts against medical advice.
    • What is dependence in the context of addiction?
      A biological effect where the body relies on regular use of a substance.
    • What characterizes substance abuse?
      Focus on the substance to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
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