Medicine through time

• John snow found out 1854 that cholera was spread by dirty water
• John snow removed a pump in soho, London and found that the rates of cholera in the area decreased
• Jenner's smallpox vaccine was made from cowpox virus, which is closely related to smallpox but causes milder disease.
• Edward Jenner made the first 2 vaccines for smallpox and cowpox
• Edward Jenner's work laid the foundation for modern immunology and helped establish the concept of active immunity.
• A CT scan 3D image of the brain is produced by passing a beam of x-rays through the brain
• A PET scan ➔ A positron emission tomography scan is a technique that uses radioactive tracers to locate areas of the brain that are active
• Marie curie 1867-1934 - french physicist and chemist who discovered radioactivity and the elements

  • Radium
  • Polonium
• Penicillin was discovered accidentally by Alexander Fleming in 1928 when he noticed mold growing on one of his petri dishes containing bacteria
• The discovery of penicillin led to the development of antibiotics as an effective treatment for bacterial infections
• An MRI scan ➔ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of internal organs and tissues without using ionising radiation
• Edwin Chadwick was a social reformer who wrote a report stating that poverty wasn’t caused by idleness but poor living conditions in 1842
• Paul erlich discovered the treatment for syphilis using the Salvarsan 606
• in 1300, only 25% families could support themselves
• Name the 4 main causes of illness and disease in the medieval era (1300-1500)

  • Poverty
  • Famine
  • War
  • Accidental death
• In 1976, the first successful heart transplant took place on Louis Washkansky
• In the medieval era, some had to make bread from peas due to bad harvest
• from 1315-17, there was torrential rain, ruining harvest
• During the medieval era, many believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits or demons
• The Black Death is caused by fleas that live on rats which carry bacteria called Yersina pestis
• AIDS attacks the immune system, meaning the body cannot fight against a simple infection
• The Spanish flu 1918

  • 40 million died
  • 1/5 of the worlds population attacked
  • Circled the globe within 4 months
• AIDS is spread by

  • Mother to baby when breastfeeding
  • Unprotected sex
  • Sharing needles