Management

• Psychological therapy -

  Token economy -

  • based off of operant conditioning - +/- reinforcement
  • behaviour modification to make symptoms more manageable for carers
  • Allyon + Azrin (1968) - trialed women with SZ - made their beds + received a token = privileges
• Psychological therapy-

  Token economy - primary reinforcement

  • use of naturally rewarding stimuli for basic needs
  • earning tokens to form secondary reinforcements, exchanged for primary reinforcements
  • naturally seen as valuable - food, water, social approval = positive behaviour
• Psychological therapy-

  Token economy - secondary reinforcement

  • learnt/conditioned reinforcement
  • tokens unnaturally have value due to what’s learnt
  • Glowacki et al - 7 high quality studies (1999-2013) - showed reduced negative symptoms + reduced frequency of unwanted behaviours
• Psychological therapy-

  Token economy- evaluations

  S- Glowacki - 2016 - supporting study by showing the reduced negative symptoms

  W- high quality/control = influenced findings

  W- ethics- gives control to the therapists - dehumanising SZ patients

  W- other therapies are better - art therapy