Paper 1

• What is the difference between climate change and global warming?


  Climate change refers to historical temperature variations, while global warming is the recent increase in temperatures
• What causes the enhanced greenhouse effect?

  It is caused by greenhouse gases trapping heat from the sun
• What are some human activities that increase greenhouse gases?

  Burning fossil fuels, driving cars, and operating power stations
• What are Milankovitch cycles?

  They are variations in the Earth's orbit affecting climate over 100,000 years
• What happens during a volcanic eruption in relation to climate?

  Ash blocks the sun's rays, causing the climate to cool
• What do ice cores tell us about past climate?

  They provide layers of ice that indicate temperature changes over the years
• What do tree rings indicate about climate?

  Wider rings indicate warmer years, while narrower rings indicate colder years
• Why are paintings and diaries considered subjective evidence for climate change?

  They can reflect personal interpretations and imagination
• What are the worldwide impacts of climate change?

  • Sea level rise due to melting glaciers
  • Increased intensity of hurricanes
  • Changes in agricultural productivity
  • Migration of people due to environmental changes
• What is a significant impact of sea level rise on Bangladesh?

  15% of Bangladesh could be underwater with a one meter rise
• How does climate change affect coffee production in Ethiopia?

  The coffee berry borer beetle is destroying coffee crops due to climate changes
• What are some positive impacts of climate change for northern countries?

  They may be able to grow more crops and trees
• What are the impacts of climate change for the UK?

  • Increased costs for sea defenses and road maintenance
  • More tourists due to favorable climate
  • Water restrictions during summer
  • Changes in wildlife and plant distributions
• What is one negative economic impact of climate change in the UK?

  Increased costs for the NHS due to health issues
• How might climate change affect the Tarmigan bird in Scotland?

  It may face extinction due to loss of camouflage
• What is the definition of a landscape?

  A suite of landforms in a large area
• What does the term "geomorphic" refer to?

  Processes that change the shape of rocks
• Where are upland areas found in the UK?

  In the north and west of the UK
• What is the significance of the term "lowlands" in geography?

  It refers to flat land areas
• What is the focus of the fieldwork question in the exam?

  Rivers
• What might be a focus in the distinctive landscapes section of the exam?

  Coasts
• Why is it important to know the difference between built and natural landscapes?

  To accurately describe and analyze different landforms
• What is the role of weather stations in climate data collection?

  They collect temperature records dating back to 1880
• What are some issues with historic climate data?

  Some data may be outdated due to technological advancements
• How do volcanic eruptions affect climate?

  They can cool the climate by blocking sunlight with ash
• What are the key components of the exam structure?

  • Section A: Compulsory topics
  • Section B: One choice from three topics
  • Section C: Unseen fieldwork questions
• What are the implications of climate change for different regions?

  • Sea level rise impacts coastal areas
  • Changes in agricultural productivity affect economies
  • Migration due to environmental changes
• What are the characteristics of upland and lowland areas in the UK?

  • Uplands: Hills and mountains in the north and west
  • Lowlands: Flat land areas
• What is meant by a landscape?

  A landscape refers to a suite of landforms in a large area.
• What are the two types of landscapes mentioned?

  Landscapes can be built by people or natural landscapes untouched by humans.
• What do uplands and lowlands refer to?

  Uplands refer to hills and mountains, while lowlands refer to flat land.
• What does the term geomorphic mean?

  Geomorphic refers to processes that change the shape of rocks.
• What processes are included in geomorphic changes?

  Erosion, weathering, and mass movement are included in geomorphic changes.
• Where are the uplands located in the UK?

  The uplands are found in the north and west of the UK, including Scotland, Wales, and northern England.
• What are examples of upland areas in the UK?

  Examples include the Grampians, Cambrians, and Pennines.
• How do lowlands in the UK relate to geography?

  Lowlands are found below an imaginary line from Flamborough Head to the Bristol Channel.
• What types of rocks are found in the north of the UK?

  Igneous rocks like granite are found in the north of the UK.
• Why is the soil on the Isle of Skye poor quality?

  The soil is poor quality and waterlogged due to the hard, resistant igneous rocks.
• What type of rocks are found in the south of the UK?

  Sedimentary rocks like chalk are found in the south of the UK.
• What type of weathering occurs in the uplands of Scotland and Wales?

  Freeze-thaw weathering occurs in the uplands of Scotland and Wales.