Lymphatic

• What are the primary lymphatic structures?

  Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymphatic nodes, lymphatic nodules, lymphatic vessels
• What is one function of the lymphatic system?

  Maintain fluid balance
• How does the lymphatic system maintain fluid balance?

  By draining excess interstitial fluid
• What is another function of the lymphatic system?

  Absorb fats from the digestive tract
• What role does the lymphatic system play in immune response?

  It protects against invasion through immune response
• What are the types of lymphatic vessels?

  Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts
• What are lymphatic capillaries?

  Close-ended vessels that are slightly larger and more permeable than blood capillaries
• Where are lymphatic capillaries found?

  In almost all tissues except avascular tissues, CNS, and bone marrow
• How do lymphatic vessels compare to veins?

  Lymphatic vessels resemble small veins but have thinner walls and more valves
• What are lymphatic trunks?

  Larger lymphatic vessels that originate from lymph nodes
• How many lymphatic trunks are there and can you name them?

  There are 5: jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, intestinal, lumbar
• What regions does the lumbar trunk drain?

  Lower limbs, wall and viscera of pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands, and most of abdominal wall
• What does the intestinal trunk drain?

  Stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, part of liver
• What does the bronchomediastinal trunk drain?

  Deeper parts of anterior thoracic wall, superior part of anterior abdominal wall, anterior part of diaphragm, lung, and heart
• What does the subclavian trunk drain?

  Upper limb
• What does the jugular trunk drain?

  Side of head and neck
• What are lymphatic ducts?

  Main channels that receive lymph from lymphatic trunks
• How many lymphatic ducts are there?

  There are 2: right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
• What is the function of the right lymphatic duct?

  It receives lymph from right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks
• What is the thoracic duct also known as?

  Left lymphatic duct
• What is the main function of the thoracic duct?

  Main collecting duct of the lymphatic system
• Where does the thoracic duct begin?

  As cisterna chyli
• What lymphatic trunks does the thoracic duct receive lymph from?

  Right and left lumbar and intestinal trunks; left jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks
• Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph into venous blood?

  At the junction of left internal jugular and right subclavian veins
• What are primary lymphatic organs responsible for?

  Producing B and T lymphocytes that carry immune responses
• What are the primary lymphatic organs?

  Red bone marrow and thymus
• What are secondary lymphatic organs responsible for?

  Sites where most immune responses occur
• What are the secondary lymphatic organs?

  Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules
• What is the function of red bone marrow in the lymphatic system?

  Produce B cells and T cells for immune function
• Where is the thymus located?

  In the mediastinum between the sternum and aorta
• How does the appearance of the thymus change with age?

  It turns from reddish to yellowish with age
• What is the function of the thymus?

  Site of maturation of T cells
• What is the size of the spleen?

  Size of a closed fist
• What is the function of the spleen?

  Phagocytose bacteria
• How many lymph nodes are there in the body?

  Approximately 600
• What is the function of lymph nodes?

  Filter lymph and remove bacteria and other materials
• What are the three superficial aggregations of lymph nodes?

  Cervical, axillary, inguinal
• What are lymph nodules also known as?

  Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
• What are lymph nodules?

  Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule
• Where are lymph nodules found?

  In the mucosa of the pharynx, GIT, urinary, and reproductive systems