Respi

• What is one of the functions of the respiratory system?


  Gas exchange
• What is another function of the respiratory system?

  Regulation of blood pH
• What is a function of the respiratory system related to sound?

  Voice production
• What is a function of the respiratory system related to smell?

  Olfaction
• What is a function of the respiratory system related to the immune system?

  Innate immunity
• What are the two structural classifications of the respiratory system?

  • Upper respiratory system
  • Lower respiratory system
• What are the components of the upper respiratory system?

  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Associated structures
• What are the components of the lower respiratory system?

  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
• What are the two functional classifications of the respiratory system?

  • Conducting portion
  • Respiratory portion
• What structures are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
• What structures are included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveoli
• What type of epithelium lines the nose?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the pharynx?

  Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the larynx?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the bronchi?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the bronchioles?

  Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?

  Non-ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles?

  Non-ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the alveolar duct?

  Non-ciliated simple squamous epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the alveolar sac?

  Non-ciliated simple squamous epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the alveoli (Type I)?

  Simple squamous epithelium
• What type of epithelium lines the alveoli (Type II)?

  Simple cuboidal epithelium
• What are the two layers of the pleural membrane?

  • Parietal pleura: lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
  • Visceral pleura: covers the lungs
• What is the pleural cavity?

  • A small potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura
  • Contains lubricating fluid to reduce friction during breathing
• What are the components of the external portion of the nose?

  1. Supporting framework of bone and hyaline cartilage
  2. A covering of muscle and skin
  3. A lining of mucous membrane
• What forms the bridge of the nose?

  Nasal bones
• What are the external nares?

  Two openings on the undersurface of the external nose
• What is the nasal cavity?

  A large cavity in the anterior aspect of the skull
• What is the internal portion of the nasal cavity?

  • Merges with the external nose anteriorly
  • Merges with the pharynx posteriorly through the internal nares (choanae)
• What do the nasolacrimal ducts do?

  Carry tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity
• What are the paranasal sinuses?

  • Air-filled, mucous-lined spaces within the maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and frontal bones
  • Open into the nasal cavity
• What is the nasal septum?

  A partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
• What are the nasal conchae?

  • Superior, middle, and inferior conchae extending from the lateral wall of the cavity
  • Form three shelves: superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus
• Where are the olfactory receptors located?

  In the olfactory epithelium located in the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum
• What is the pharynx?

  • AKA "throat"
  • Funnel-shaped tube about 5 inches long
  • Composed of skeletal muscles and lined with mucous membrane
• Where does the pharynx start and end?

  Starts at the internal nares and extends to the level of the cricoid cartilage
• What are the functions of the pharynx?

  1. Passageway for air and food
  2. Provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds
  3. Houses the tonsils to eliminate foreign invaders
• What are the types of tonsils found in the pharynx?

  1. Pharyngeal tonsils (nasopharynx)
  2. Palatine tonsils (oropharynx)
  3. Lingual tonsils (oropharynx)
• What are the openings in the nasopharynx?

  1. 2 internal nares
  2. 2 openings into the auditory tube
  3. 1 opening into the oropharynx