Cellular respiration

• What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

  To produce energy for the cell
• What type of reaction is cellular respiration classified as?

  Catabolic reaction
• Name one reason why organisms need energy.

  For growth
• What is one process that requires energy in living organisms?

  Movement
• What is glycolysis?

  The process of splitting glucose
• What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What is produced as a result of cellular respiration?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

  2 ATP
• What happens to pyruvate in the Krebs cycle?

  It is broken down to produce hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide
• What is the role of NADH and FADH₂ in cellular respiration?

  They are co-enzymes that carry hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain
• What is oxidative phosphorylation?

  The phase where ATP is formed using energy from hydrogen atoms
• How many ATP molecules are formed during oxidative phosphorylation?

  32-34 ATP
• What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

  Oxygen
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration that occurs without oxygen
• What is the maximum ATP yield from anaerobic respiration?

  2 ATP
• What is lactic acid fermentation?

  The conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid in animals
• What is produced during alcohol fermentation?

  2 ethanol and 2 carbon dioxide
• What are the phases of cellular respiration?

  1. Glycolysis (anaerobic phase)

  • Breaks down glucose to form 2 pyruvate
  • Produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH

  1. Krebs Cycle (aerobic phase)

  • Breaks down pyruvate/acetyl CoA to H-atoms and CO₂
  • Produces 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH₂

  1. Oxidative Phosphorylation (aerobic phase)

  • Uses H-atoms to produce 32-34 ATP
  • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

  • Aerobic Respiration:
  • Requires oxygen
  • Produces 36-38 ATP
  • Occurs in mitochondria
  • Anaerobic Respiration:
  • Does not require oxygen
  • Produces 2 ATP
  • Occurs in cytosol
• What is the role of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

  It yields 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
• Where does glycolysis occur?

  In the cytosol
• What happens to pyruvate after glycolysis in aerobic conditions?

  It is converted to acetyl CoA and enters the Krebs cycle
• What is the main difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?

  Fermentation occurs without oxygen, while cellular respiration requires oxygen
• What is the significance of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

  It produces co-enzymes and ATP for the electron transport chain
• How do NADH and FADH₂ contribute to ATP production?

  They donate electrons to the electron transport chain, releasing energy to form ATP
• What is the byproduct of the Krebs cycle?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is the role of water in cellular respiration?

  It is produced as a byproduct during oxidative phosphorylation