Neutrality act and WW1

• Who was elected as the first Democratic president in 20 years in 1912?

  Woodrow Wilson
• What was Woodrow Wilson's political stance regarding the policies of his predecessors?

  He sought to reverse their aggressive policies.
• What did Wilson announce in October 1913 regarding territorial conquest?

  The USA would never again seek an additional foot of territory by conquest.
• How did Wilson's approach to Latin America differ from his stated ideals?

  His military interventions contradicted his liberal and moral diplomacy rhetoric.
• What military interventions did Wilson's administration undertake in Latin America?

  • Once in Cuba
  • Twice in Panama
  • Five times in Honduras
  • Occupation of Hispaniola and Haiti in 1915
• What was Wilson's reaction to General Huerta's rise to power in Mexico?

  He was outraged and authorized military intervention.
• What event involved the bombardment of Vera Cruz under Wilson's orders?

  The intervention against General Huerta in 1914.
• What was the outcome of Wilson's intervention in the Mexican civil war?

  It upset both sides and led to further conflict.
• Who attacked an American border town, prompting Wilson to order a punitive expedition?

  Pancho Villa
• What was the result of the punitive expedition against Pancho Villa?

  It ended with little to show for the efforts and ruffled Mexican feelings.
• When did the Mexican civil war end, and what did Mexico adopt?

  The civil war ended in 1917, and Mexico adopted a liberal constitution.
• What was Wilson's stance on neutrality at the outbreak of WWI in 1914?

  He announced that the USA would be neutral.
• How did American industry and agriculture benefit from WWI?

  They received an enormous boost by supplying foodstuffs, raw materials, and munitions.
• How much in war loans did the USA lend to the warring powers by 1917?

  $2 billion
• Which countries received the majority of the war loans from the USA?

  Britain and France
• What was Germany's complaint regarding American loans to the Allies?

  Germany protested that these were not the acts of a neutral country.
• What was the nature of Britain's blockade during WWI?

  It involved stopping neutral shipping and confiscating goods bound for Germany.
• What new type of blockade did Germany adopt in February 1915?

  A submarine blockade.
• What was Wilson's response to Germany's submarine blockade?

  He sent a protest to Germany regarding the ruthless methods.
• What tragic event occurred on 7 May involving the Lusitania?

  The Lusitania was sunk by a German u-boat.
• How many people drowned when the Lusitania sank?

  1,198 people
• What was Wilson's initial response to the sinking of the Lusitania?

  He emphasized the idea of being too proud to fight.
• What significant action did Germany take a year after the Lusitania disaster?

  Germany abandoned unrestricted submarine warfare.
• What did Wilson call for in his 'Peace Note' issued on 18 December 1916?

  He called for both sides to clarify their war aims.
• What was the significance of Wilson's speech on 22 January 1917?

  He called for a new international order based on a League of Nations.
• What was the German high command's gamble in January 1917?

  They resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, expecting to break the Allies before the USA intervened.
• What was the public reaction in the USA to the German submarine campaign?

  The public mood hardened considerably.
• What was the final provocation for the USA to enter WWI?

  The publication of the Zimmerman Telegram.
• What did the Zimmerman Telegram suggest?

  It suggested an alliance between Germany and Mexico.
• How did Wilson justify the declaration of war against Germany on 2 April 1917?

  He emphasized America's moral superiority and the need to make the world safe for democracy.
• What was the outcome of Congress's vote regarding the declaration of war?

  Overwhelmingly, Congress voted for war.
• How did American involvement affect the Allied cause during WWI?

  It brought fresh heart and sustained the Allies with supplies and finance.
• How many US troops were in France by March 1918?

  300,000 troops
• How many US troops were in France by November 1918?

  2 million troops
• Who led the American forces during WWI?

  General Pershing
• What role did American troops play in the last major German attacks on the Western Front?

  They played important roles in resisting the German advance.
• What was the scale of the Meuse-Argonne offensive?

  1. 2 million US soldiers participated.
• What were the fatal casualties suffered by the USA by the time Germany asked for an armistice?

  109,000 fatal casualties
• What was Wilson's agenda in his message of January 1917?

  He outlined his vision for a new world order after the war.
• What were Wilson's Fourteen Points aimed at establishing?

  A new world order based on clear principles.