Biology

• What does microscopy refer to?

  The use of microscopes
• What are the main components of a light microscope?

  The base, arm, light source, stage, objective lenses, eyepiece lens, body tube, and focusing knobs
• What is the function of the base in a light microscope?

  It supports the entire microscope
• What is the purpose of the arm in a light microscope?

  It connects the base to the top of the microscope
• What type of light source can be used in a light microscope?

  A lamp or a mirror that reflects room light
• Where is the stage located in a light microscope?

  Just above the light source
• How many objective lenses are typically found in a light microscope?

  Three objective lenses
• What are the typical magnifications of the objective lenses?

  10 times, 20 times, and 50 times
• What is the function of the eyepiece lens in a light microscope?

  It has a fixed magnification and is where we look into the microscope
• What are the coarse and fine focusing knobs used for?

  To help get the image in focus
• What does the term 'object' refer to in microscopy?

  The real object or sample being observed
• What does the term 'image' refer to in microscopy?

  The image seen when looking down the microscope
• How does light travel through a light microscope?

  It is reflected by the mirror, passes through the object, and then through the lenses into the eye
• What is magnification in microscopy?

  How many times larger the image is than the object
• What is the equation for magnification?

  Magnification = image size / object size
• What is resolution in microscopy?

  The shortest distance between two points on an object that can still be distinguished as separate
• How does resolution affect the detail of an image?

  The higher the resolution, the more details can be seen
• If two images of onion cells have the same magnification but different resolutions, what can be inferred?

  The image with lower resolution appears blurrier
• What happens to the image when the resolution is lower?

  The image appears blurrier
• What are the key differences between the terms 'object' and 'image' in microscopy?

  • Object: The real sample being observed (e.g., onion cells)
  • Image: The visual representation seen through the microscope
• What is the process of light travel in a light microscope?

  1. Light hits the mirror and is reflected upwards
  2. Light passes through the object on the stage
  3. Light goes through the objective lens
  4. Light passes through the eyepiece lens
  5. Light enters the eye
• What is the relationship between magnification and resolution?

  • Magnification: Size of the image relative to the object
  • Resolution: Clarity and detail of the image
  • Higher magnification does not guarantee higher resolution
• What are the implications of high and low resolution in microscopy?

  • High resolution: More detail, less blur
  • Low resolution: Less detail, more blur
• What should you be able to do by the end of the video?

  Correctly label a diagram of an animal cell and describe the functions of its parts
• What is the purpose of the video?

  To introduce the parts of animal cells
• What type of cells are shown in the video?

  Human cancer cells
• What is the function of the nucleus in animal cells?

  To enclose the genetic material
• What color are the nuclei stained in the video?

  Blue
• What is the cytoplasm?

  A watery solution where chemical reactions take place
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  To control the molecules that can enter and leave the cell
• What are the two smaller structures inside the cell that need to be known?

  Mitochondria and ribosomes
• Why can't mitochondria and ribosomes be seen in the light microscope image?

  Because they are too small
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Where aerobic respiration takes place
• What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes?

  Electron microscope
• What are ribosomes responsible for?

  Protein synthesis
• How do ribosomes contribute to cell function?

  By synthesizing proteins that carry out various functions
• What structures should you identify in a diagram of an animal cell?

  Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes
• What are the main parts of an animal cell and their functions?

  • Nucleus: Encloses genetic material
  • Cytoplasm: Site of chemical reactions
  • Cell membrane: Controls entry and exit of molecules
  • Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration
  • Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis
• What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes in observing cell structures?

  • Light microscopes: Used for larger structures, cannot see ribosomes
  • Electron microscopes: Used for smaller structures, can see ribosomes and mitochondria
• What is the main focus of the core practical video?

  Looking at cells and performing magnification calculations