Topic 1

• mol = mass/rfm
• Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x 10^23
• percentage yield = (actual/theoretical) * 100
• atom economy = (rfm of desired/rfm of total products) * 100
• 1. divide the mass of each element by its rfm for mol
  2. divide mol by smallest for ratio
  3. write empirical formula
• Empirical formula can be found using masses or percentages
• Molecular formula is found by dividing the molar mass given by the formula mass of the empirical formula
• pV = nRT
• p is in Pa (kPa * 10^3)

  V is in m^3 (cm^3 /10^6)

  T is in K (+273)

  n is in mol

  R is the gas constant (8.31)
• vol(dm^3) = 24 * mol at r.t.p
• mol = conc * vol
• ppm = (mass of solute/mass of solvent) * 1 000 000
• gas ppm = (vol of gas/vol of air) * 1 000 000
• metal + acid = salt + hydrogen
• metal oxide + acid = salt + water
• metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water
• alkali + acid = salt + water
• metal carbonate + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide
• metal hydrogencarbonate + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide