biological

• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  It is the scientific study of the influence of brain structures on cognitive processes.
• How has brain scanning technology impacted cognitive neuroscience?

  It allows for detailed information about brain structures involved in mental processes.
• What are neuroimaging techniques used for in cognitive neuroscience?

  They highlight active parts of the brain during cognitive activities.
• How can brain damage studies contribute to cognitive neuroscience?

  They help infer how cognitive processes function normally by comparing brain activity.
• What practical application does cognitive neuroscience have?

  It helps identify neural structures underpinning cognitive processes for treatment.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

  Strengths:

  • High degree of control over variables
  • Objective measurements
  • Replicable procedures enhance reliability

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Direct observation of mental processes is not possible
  • Inferences may be mistaken
  • Mechanistic view of human thinking
• What is a strength of the biological approach in psychology?

  It relies on supporting evidence from scientific methods.
• What is the focus of biological psychologists?

  They analyze how biology influences behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
• What are genes responsible for in biological psychology?

  They are the mechanisms of heredity that pass characteristics from one generation to another.
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable traits.
• How do twin studies help in understanding genetic influence on behavior?

  They compare concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
• What is the diathesis-stress model in psychology?

  It suggests that genetic predispositions can be triggered by environmental stressors.
• What is a limitation of the biological approach regarding genetic influence?

  It is difficult to separate environmental and genetic influences in studies.
• What is a criticism of the biological approach's perspective on behavior?

  It can be seen as overly simplistic or reductionist.
• How has biological research contributed to treatment in psychology?

  It has led to the development of treatments for psychological problems like OCD and depression.
• What is the function of neurotransmitters in the brain?

  They transmit chemical messages between neurons across synapses.

  
• What role do hormones play in the biological approach?

  They regulate physiological reactions and influence behavior through the endocrine system.
• What is the fight or flight response?

  It is a physiological reaction to imminent danger, regulated by hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.
• What is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  It comprises the brain and spinal cord, sending messages to and from the body.
• What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  It consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, relaying information to and from the CNS.
• What is a strength of using scientific methods in biological psychology?

  It suggests that conclusions drawn are unbiased and likely to be reliable.
• What is a limitation of the biological approach regarding genetic explanations?

  Genetic explanations may be incomplete due to environmental influences.
• What is the implication of a purely biological perspective on behavior?

  It may suggest individuals have no control over their behavior.
• How can biological insights contribute to understanding atypical behavior?

  They can lead to the development of treatments for psychological problems.
• What is a limitation of taking a purely biological perspective on mental health?

  It is highly deterministic.
• How might inheriting depression affect an individual's behavior?

  It may lead them to believe they have no choice in its development.
• What does the deterministic view suggest about free will and responsibility for behavior?

  It suggests we do not have free will and are not responsible for our behavior.
• Why is the deterministic view problematic for individuals with abnormal behaviors?

  It might prevent them from seeking help or provide excuses for anti-social behavior.
• What have insights from genetics and biochemistry led to?

  The development of treatments for psychological problems.
• What psychological problems can be treated with biological approaches?

  OCD, depression, and schizophrenia.
• How can anti-social behaviors like aggression be explained?

  By biological factors.