eukaryotic

• nucleus - controls activities of the cell (by controlling transcription of DNA)
• nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores
• nuclear pores - controls movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
• nucleoplasm is filled with chromatin
• chromatin - mass of genetic material
• nucleolus makes ribosomes
• mitochondria - site of aerobic respiration
• nucleus has a double membrane
• mitochondria have a double membrane
• cristae - folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria
• cristae increase the surface area --> more aerobic resp. can take place
• inside the cristae is the mitochondrial matrix
• the mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes for respiration
• chloroplasts - site of photosynthesis
• thylakoid membrane stack up to form grana piles
• chlorophyll attaches to thylakoid membrane
• starch grain - found in the chloroplasts and is a food source for a plant
• space between the inner membrane and thylakoid membrane is the stroma
• 2nd stage of photosynthesis take place in the stroma
• ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
• ribosomes are found free in the cytosol or attached to RER
• ribosomes synthesize proteins which are packaged in transport vesicles by the RER
• golgi body processes, packages + modifies the protein from the RER
• lysosomes are formed in the golgi body
• lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes --> used to digest invading cells, break down worn out components and digest food
• Structure and function of chloroplasts

  1. thylakoid membrane is stacked into grana = increases surface area for photosynthesis
  2. chlorophyll attached to thylakoid = light absorbed for photosynthesis
  3. stroma contains enzymes = for photosynthesis
  4. stroma has starch grains = energy store