Pe - anatomy and psychology

• What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

  It supports the body, protects organs and helps movement
• Name three major bones in the human body.

  Femur (long bone), tarsal(short bone), and vertebrae(irregular bone) and ribs (flat bone )
• What are the components of the muscular system?


  • Skeletal muscles for voluntary movement
  • Smooth muscles for involuntary actions
  • Cardiac muscle in the heart
• How do muscles work to produce movement?

  Muscles work in pairs as agonists and antagonists.
• What are the main components of the respiratory system?

  Lungs, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm.
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  It allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
• What happens to breathing rate during exercise?

  It increases to supply muscles with more oxygen.
• What are the components of the circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, and blood.
• What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  It transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells.
• How does exercise affect cardiovascular health?

  Exercise helps improve cardiovascular health.
• What are the main components of the nervous system?

  Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
• What role does the nervous system play in physical activity?

  It controls movement and responds to stimuli.
• What are the main glands in the endocrine system?

  Thyroid and adrenal glands.
• What hormones do the endocrine glands release?

  Adrenaline and insulin.
• What are the three main energy systems used during exercise?

  1. Aerobic system: Uses oxygen (e.g., long-distance running)
  2. Anaerobic system: Without oxygen, leads to lactic acid (e.g., sprinting)
  3. ATP-CP system: Immediate energy for short bursts (e.g., weightlifting)
• How does regular exercise affect the heart?

  It strengthens the heart and increases stroke volume.
• What muscular adaptations occur with exercise?

  Increased muscle mass, endurance, and strength.
• What respiratory adaptations occur with consistent exercise?

  Lung capacity increases and gas exchange efficiency improves.
• What is homeostasis?

  • The body's process of maintaining a stable internal environment
  • Includes body temperature, pH balance, and blood sugar levels
• How does exercise affect homeostasis?

  Exercise can disrupt homeostasis, requiring mechanisms to restore balance.
• What mechanisms help regulate body temperature during physical activity?

  Mechanisms include sweating and vasodilation.
• What are the macronutrients and their roles?

  • Carbohydrates: Primary energy source, stored as glycogen
  • Proteins: Important for muscle repair and growth
  • Fats: Long-term energy during low-intensity activities
• What are micronutrients and their importance?

  Essential vitamins and minerals that support overall body function.
• Why is hydration important for performance?

  Dehydration impairs circulation, thermoregulation, and muscle function.
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers.
• What is the function of arteries?

  They carry blood away from the heart.
• What is the function of veins?

  They return blood to the heart.
• What occurs in capillaries?

  Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste occurs.