Cards (32)

  • What is conformity in social influence?
    Conformity is a type of social influence where a person changes their attitude or behavior in response to group pressure.
  • What are the three types of conformity?
    • Internalisation: Deep change, accepting majority view as correct.
    • Identification: Moderate change, acting like the group to fit in.
    • Compliance: Superficial change, outwardly agreeing while privately disagreeing.
  • What is internalisation in conformity?
    Internalisation is a deep type of conformity where we accept the majority view as correct, leading to permanent behavior change.
  • What is identification in conformity?
    Identification is a moderate type of conformity where we act like the group because we value it, but do not fully agree with it.
  • What is compliance in conformity?
    Compliance is a superficial and temporary type of conformity where we outwardly agree with the majority but privately disagree.
  • What is informational social influence?
    Informational social influence is when we agree with the majority opinion because we believe it is correct, leading to internalisation.
  • Give an example of informational social influence.
    Changing a homework answer because friends have a different one and you think they are more intelligent.
  • Who conducted research supporting informational social influence?
    Jenness conducted research supporting the role of informational social influence.
  • What did Jenness's study involve?
    Participants made independent judgments about the number of beans in a jar, then discussed estimates in a group.
  • What was the outcome of Jenness's study?
    Nearly all participants changed their private estimates to be closer to the group estimate.
  • What is normative social influence?
    Normative social influence is when we agree with the majority opinion to gain social approval and avoid rejection.
  • Give an example of normative social influence.
    Conforming to avoid feeling that you don’t ‘fit in’ with a group.
  • Who conducted research supporting normative social influence?
    Asch conducted research supporting normative social influence.
  • What did Asch's study find regarding conformity?
    Many participants conformed to avoid disapproval from the group.
  • What happened in Asch's variation where participants wrote down their answers?
    Conformity rates fell to 12.5% when participants wrote down answers instead of saying them aloud.
  • What variables affect conformity according to Asch's research?
    • Group size
    • Unanimity
    • Task difficulty
  • How did Asch investigate group size's effect on conformity?
    Asch varied the number of confederates from one to fifteen to see its effect on conformity rates.
  • What was the conformity rate with one confederate?
    With one confederate, the real participants conformed on just 3% of the critical trials.
  • What was the conformity rate with three confederates?
    With three confederates, the real participants conformed to 32% of the critical trials.
  • What does the increase in conformity with three confederates suggest?
    Conformity reaches its highest level with just three confederates, creating majority pressure.
  • What is unanimity in the context of conformity?
    Unanimity refers to the extent that members of a majority agree with one another.
  • How did Asch demonstrate the effect of unanimity on conformity?
    Asch had one confederate give the correct answer, which helped the real participant resist conformity pressure.
  • What was the conformity rate when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer?
    The conformity rate dropped to 9% when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer.
  • What does breaking a group's unanimous position do to conformity?
    Breaking a group's unanimous position significantly reduces conformity, even if the supporter gives an incorrect answer.
  • How did Asch manipulate task difficulty in his study?
    Asch made the task more difficult by making the difference between line lengths smaller and more ambiguous.
  • What was the effect of increased task difficulty on conformity?
    Asch found that the rate of conformity increased with task difficulty.
  • What does increased conformity with difficult tasks suggest?
    Increased conformity with difficult tasks suggests the influence of informational social influence, as individuals seek guidance.
  • What is a strength of Asch's conformity research?
    • High internal validity due to laboratory conditions.
    • Strict control over extraneous variables.
    • Clearly measures how variables affect conformity levels.
  • What negative effects could participants experience in Asch's study?
    Participants could experience stress, anxiety, or humiliation due to deception in the study.
  • What is a limitation of Asch's conformity research?
    Asch's participants were deceived about the purpose of the investigation, which raises ethical concerns.
  • How did Asch address the ethical concerns in his study?
    Asch dealt with ethical concerns through thorough debriefing after the study.
  • What are the ethical considerations of Asch's research?
    • Deception about the study's purpose.
    • Potential psychological harm (stress, anxiety).
    • Mitigated by thorough debriefing.