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psychology
social influence
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Ruby Ward
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Cards (32)
What is conformity in social influence?
Conformity is a type of social influence where a person changes their
attitude
or
behavior
in response to
group
pressure.
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What are the three types of conformity?
Internalisation:
Deep
change
,
accepting
majority
view
as
correct.
Identification:
Moderate
change
, acting like the group to
fit
in.
Compliance:
Superficial
change
, outwardly agreeing while
privately
disagreeing.
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What is internalisation in conformity?
Internalisation is a deep type of conformity where we
accept
the majority view as correct, leading to
permanent
behavior change.
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What is identification in conformity?
Identification is a
moderate
type
of
conformity
where we act like the group because we
value
it, but do not fully
agree
with it.
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What is compliance in conformity?
Compliance is a
superficial
and
temporary
type of conformity where we outwardly agree with the majority but
privately
disagree.
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What is informational social influence?
Informational
social
influence
is when we agree with the majority opinion because we believe it is correct, leading to
internalisation.
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Give an example of informational social influence.
Changing a
homework
answer because friends have a
different
one and you think they are more
intelligent
.
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Who conducted research supporting informational social influence?
Jenness
conducted research supporting the role of informational social influence.
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What did Jenness's study involve?
Participants made
independent
judgments about the number of
beans
in a jar, then discussed
estimates
in a group.
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What was the outcome of Jenness's study?
Nearly all participants changed their
private
estimates
to be closer to the group estimate.
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What is normative social influence?
Normative social influence is when we agree with the majority opinion to gain
social
approval
and avoid
rejection.
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Give an example of normative social influence.
Conforming to
avoid feeling
that you don’t ‘fit in’ with a group.
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Who conducted research supporting normative social influence?
Asch
conducted research supporting normative social influence.
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What did Asch's study find regarding conformity?
Many participants conformed to
avoid
disapproval
from the group.
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What happened in Asch's variation where participants wrote down their answers?
Conformity rates fell to
12.5
% when participants wrote down answers instead of saying them aloud.
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What variables affect conformity according to Asch's research?
Group size
Unanimity
Task difficulty
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How did Asch investigate group size's effect on conformity?
Asch
varied the number of confederates from one to
fifteen
to see its effect on conformity rates.
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What was the conformity rate with one confederate?
With one confederate, the real participants conformed on just
3%
of the critical trials.
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What was the conformity rate with three confederates?
With three confederates, the real participants conformed to 32% of the critical trials.
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What does the increase in conformity with three confederates suggest?
Conformity reaches its
highest
level with just
three
confederates
, creating
majority
pressure.
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What is unanimity in the context of conformity?
Unanimity refers to the extent that members of a majority
agree
with one another.
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How did Asch demonstrate the effect of unanimity on conformity?
Asch
had one
confederate
give the correct answer, which helped the real participant resist
conformity
pressure.
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What was the conformity rate when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer?
The conformity rate dropped to
9%
when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer.
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What does breaking a group's unanimous position do to conformity?
Breaking a group's unanimous position significantly
reduces
conformity, even if the supporter gives an incorrect answer.
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How did Asch manipulate task difficulty in his study?
Asch made the task more difficult by making the difference between line lengths
smaller
and more
ambiguous.
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What was the effect of increased task difficulty on conformity?
Asch
found that the rate of conformity
increased
with task difficulty.
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What does increased conformity with difficult tasks suggest?
Increased conformity
with
difficult
tasks
suggests the influence of
informational social influence
, as individuals seek
guidance.
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What is a strength of Asch's conformity research?
High
internal
validity due to laboratory conditions.
Strict control over
extraneous
variables.
Clearly measures how variables affect conformity levels.
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What negative effects could participants experience in Asch's study?
Participants could experience stress, anxiety, or humiliation due to
deception
in the study.
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What is a limitation of Asch's conformity research?
Asch's participants were
deceived
about the
purpose
of the investigation, which raises
ethical
concerns.
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How did Asch address the ethical concerns in his study?
Asch
dealt
with
ethical
concerns
through
thorough
debriefing
after the study.
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What are the ethical considerations of Asch's research?
Deception
about the study's
purpose.
Potential
psychological
harm
(stress, anxiety).
Mitigated by thorough
debriefing.
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