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• What is conformity in social influence?

  Conformity is a type of social influence where a person changes their attitude or behavior in response to group pressure.
• What are the three types of conformity?

  • Internalisation: Deep change, accepting majority view as correct.
  • Identification: Moderate change, acting like the group to fit in.
  • Compliance: Superficial change, outwardly agreeing while privately disagreeing.
• What is internalisation in conformity?

  Internalisation is a deep type of conformity where we accept the majority view as correct, leading to permanent behavior change.
• What is identification in conformity?

  Identification is a moderate type of conformity where we act like the group because we value it, but do not fully agree with it.
• What is compliance in conformity?

  Compliance is a superficial and temporary type of conformity where we outwardly agree with the majority but privately disagree.
• What is informational social influence?

  Informational social influence is when we agree with the majority opinion because we believe it is correct, leading to internalisation.
• Give an example of informational social influence.

  Changing a homework answer because friends have a different one and you think they are more intelligent.
• Who conducted research supporting informational social influence?

  Jenness conducted research supporting the role of informational social influence.
• What did Jenness's study involve?

  Participants made independent judgments about the number of beans in a jar, then discussed estimates in a group.
• What was the outcome of Jenness's study?

  Nearly all participants changed their private estimates to be closer to the group estimate.
• What is normative social influence?

  Normative social influence is when we agree with the majority opinion to gain social approval and avoid rejection.
• Give an example of normative social influence.

  Conforming to avoid feeling that you don’t ‘fit in’ with a group.
• Who conducted research supporting normative social influence?

  Asch conducted research supporting normative social influence.
• What did Asch's study find regarding conformity?

  Many participants conformed to avoid disapproval from the group.
• What happened in Asch's variation where participants wrote down their answers?

  Conformity rates fell to 12.5% when participants wrote down answers instead of saying them aloud.
• What variables affect conformity according to Asch's research?

  • Group size
  • Unanimity
  • Task difficulty
• How did Asch investigate group size's effect on conformity?

  Asch varied the number of confederates from one to fifteen to see its effect on conformity rates.
• What was the conformity rate with one confederate?

  With one confederate, the real participants conformed on just 3% of the critical trials.
• What was the conformity rate with three confederates?

  With three confederates, the real participants conformed to 32% of the critical trials.
• What does the increase in conformity with three confederates suggest?

  Conformity reaches its highest level with just three confederates, creating majority pressure.
• What is unanimity in the context of conformity?

  Unanimity refers to the extent that members of a majority agree with one another.
• How did Asch demonstrate the effect of unanimity on conformity?

  Asch had one confederate give the correct answer, which helped the real participant resist conformity pressure.
• What was the conformity rate when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer?

  The conformity rate dropped to 9% when a confederate gave a different incorrect answer.
• What does breaking a group's unanimous position do to conformity?

  Breaking a group's unanimous position significantly reduces conformity, even if the supporter gives an incorrect answer.
• How did Asch manipulate task difficulty in his study?

  Asch made the task more difficult by making the difference between line lengths smaller and more ambiguous.
• What was the effect of increased task difficulty on conformity?

  Asch found that the rate of conformity increased with task difficulty.
• What does increased conformity with difficult tasks suggest?

  Increased conformity with difficult tasks suggests the influence of informational social influence, as individuals seek guidance.
• What is a strength of Asch's conformity research?

  • High internal validity due to laboratory conditions.
  • Strict control over extraneous variables.
  • Clearly measures how variables affect conformity levels.
• What negative effects could participants experience in Asch's study?

  Participants could experience stress, anxiety, or humiliation due to deception in the study.
• What is a limitation of Asch's conformity research?

  Asch's participants were deceived about the purpose of the investigation, which raises ethical concerns.
• How did Asch address the ethical concerns in his study?

  Asch dealt with ethical concerns through thorough debriefing after the study.
• What are the ethical considerations of Asch's research?

  • Deception about the study's purpose.
  • Potential psychological harm (stress, anxiety).
  • Mitigated by thorough debriefing.