Nucleic acids

• What shape is a DNA molecule?


  double helix
• What are the four bases in DNA?

  Adenine, thymine, Guanine, cytosine
• What is the monomer of DNA?

  Nucleotide
• what are the 2 types of bonds in DNA

  Hydrogen bond, phophodiester bond
• What is the function of DNA?


  the storage and transfer of genetic information to make proteins
• What elements do nucleic acids contain

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
• What are the 2 nucleic acids


  Deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid
• What do both DNA and RNA contain?

  A phosphate group, pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base
• What is the sugar in DNA and RNA

  DNA-> deoxyribose

  RNA-> ribose
• DNA polymerase can only build phosphodiester bonds on the daughter strand in a particular direction. What is this direction?

  5' to 3' (the phosphate attached to the 5th carbon of the sugar of one nucleotide bonds with the hydroxyl group of the 3rd carbon of the sugar on the adjacent molecule) this is because in a polynucleotide one end of the chain has a free 5' phosphate and the other end has a free 3'-OH. These are called the 5' and 3' ends of the chain
• State the number of hydrogen bonds formed between cytosine and guanine


  3
• The free nucleotides pair up with the exposed bases on the DNA strands based on... (which principle)

  complementary base pairing
• In which direction of the template strand does the DNA polymerase move in?


  3' to 5'
• What group does adenine and guanine belong to?


  Purines
• What group does thymine uracil and cytosine belong to?


  pyrimidines
• state the five possible bases of a nucleotide

  adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
• State the three components to a DNA nucleotide

  Deoxyribose + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
• State the complementary base pairings


  A-T/U, C-G
• State the number of hydrogen bonds formed between uracil adenine and thymine


  2
• Describe the structure of purines


  a double ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring
• Describe the structure of pyrimidines 


  smaller in size, they have a six-membered ring structure
• Describe how nucleotides are joined together in DNA


  Via condensation reaction releasing a water molecule