Metals and Non-Metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Most elements are metals found towards the bottom left of the table.
• What is a key feature of metals when they react?

  Metals form positive ions when they react.
• What type of ion does calcium form?

  Calcium forms a two plus ion.
• How do non-metals differ in ion formation compared to metals?

  Non-metals either don't form ions or form negative ions.
• Why do atoms need a full outer shell of electrons to be stable?

  Atoms need a full outer shell to achieve stability.
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell.
• Why is it easier for calcium to lose its outer electrons?

  Calcium has few electrons in its outermost shell, making it easier to lose them.
• Why doesn't chlorine easily form a positive ion?

  Chlorine would need to lose all seven of its outer electrons, which requires a lot of energy.
• How does the reactivity of metals change down the periodic table?

  Metals tend to become more reactive towards the bottom of the table.
• What is the reason metals further down the periodic table are more reactive?

  They have more electron shells, making it easier to lose outer electrons.
• What happens to the nucleus's ability to hold electrons as you go down the periodic table?

  The nucleus holds electrons less strongly as they are farther away.
• What type of bonding do all metals have?

  All metals have metallic bonding.
• What are the characteristics of metallic bonds?

  Metallic bonds are very strong and responsible for metals' physical properties.
• What does it mean for metals to be malleable?

  Malleable means metals can be bent or hammered into shape without breaking.
• Why are metals used in electric wires?

  Metals are great conductors of heat and electricity.
• What is a property of metals regarding melting and boiling points?

  Most metals have high melting and boiling points.
• What does it mean for a metal to be sonorous?

  Sonorous means metals create a ringing sound when struck.
• How do non-metals generally appear in terms of color?

  Non-metals tend to be dull in color.
• What does it mean for non-metals to be brittle?

  Brittle means non-metals easily break when subjected to stress.
• What is a common state of many non-metals at room temperature?

  Many non-metals are gaseous at room temperature.
• How do non-metals compare to metals in terms of electrical conductivity?

  Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity.
• How do the densities of non-metals compare to metals?

  Non-metals generally have lower densities than metals.
• Where are transition metals located on the periodic table?

  Transition metals are found in the center of the periodic table.
• What is a unique property of transition metals?

  Transition metals can form more than one ion.
• What are some examples of ions that chromium can form?

  Chromium can form two plus, three plus, and six plus ions.
• What is a notable feature of transition metal ions?

  Transition metal ions are often colored.
• What is a catalyst?

  A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron is an important catalyst in the Haber process.
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes.
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable (can be bent or hammered)
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous (create a ringing sound)
• What are the physical properties of non-metals?

  • Dull in color
  • Brittle (easily break)
  • Generally low melting and boiling points
  • Poor conductors of electricity
  • Lower densities than metals
• What are the additional properties of transition metals?

  • Can form more than one ion
  • Often colored ions
  • Good catalysts