Neutralization Reactions

• What types of bases are included in the reactions with acids discussed in the video?

  Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal carbonates
• What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal oxide or hydroxide?

  A salt and water
• What salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium oxide?

  Sodium chloride
• How do the positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions combine in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium oxide?

  They combine to form sodium chloride
• What happens when sulfuric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?

  It forms potassium sulfate and water
• What is the charge of the sulfate ion?

  2 minus
• What additional product is formed when acids react with metal carbonates?

  Carbon dioxide
• What salt is produced when nitric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?

  Calcium nitrate
• How do you determine the correct formula for the salt formed in acid-base reactions?

  Combine the positive ion from the base with the negative ion from the acid
• What is the first step to make a soluble salt using an insoluble base?

  Place dilute acid in a beaker and gently heat it
• What happens when you add insoluble base to the heated dilute acid?

  It reacts to form a soluble salt and water
• How do you know when the base is in excess during the reaction?

  Some of the base will no longer disappear
• What is the next step after neutralizing the acid with the excess base?

  Filter out the excess base
• What do you need to do to obtain pure solid crystals of the soluble salt?

  Gently heat the filtered solution to evaporate some water
• Why should you avoid using a Bunsen burner to heat the solution too much?

  To prevent damaging the salt
• What happens when the solution cools after heating?

  More crystals of the salt will form
• How can you dry the crystals after filtering them out?

  By dabbing them with filter paper or leaving them somewhere warm
• What is the general process for making soluble salts from insoluble bases?

  1. Heat dilute acid in a beaker.
  2. Add insoluble base gradually until it no longer disappears.
  3. Filter out excess base.
  4. Evaporate some water from the solution.
  5. Allow to cool to form crystals.
  6. Filter and dry the crystals.
• What are the key products formed in neutralization reactions between acids and bases?

  • Salt
  • Water
  • Carbon dioxide (when reacting with carbonates)
• What is the pattern followed in acid-base neutralization reactions?

  1. Combine negative ion from acid with positive ion from base.
  2. Always produce water.
  3. Ensure correct salt formula and balance the equation.