Reversible Reactions

• What are reversible reactions characterized by?

  They are characterized by a double arrow indicating both forward and backward reactions.
• What does the term equilibrium refer to in reversible reactions?

  Equilibrium refers to the state where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate.
• What happens to the rates of the forward and backward reactions as the reaction progresses?

  The forward reaction slows down while the backward reaction speeds up until they reach the same rate.
• What does it mean when a reaction is at equilibrium?

  It means that the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.
• Can the concentrations of reactants and products be the same at equilibrium?

  No, they can be different as long as the forward and backward rates are equal.
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  It means there are more products than reactants at equilibrium.
• What effect does adding heat have on the position of equilibrium?

  Adding heat encourages the forward reaction, shifting equilibrium to the right.
• What happens to the position of equilibrium when the reaction is cooled?

  Cooling the reaction pushes the position of equilibrium to the left, favoring reactants.
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?

  A closed system is required so that reactants and products cannot escape.
• What happens to hydrated copper sulfate when heated?

  It undergoes thermal decomposition to form anhydrous copper sulfate and water.
• What is the relationship between exothermic and endothermic reactions in reversible reactions?

  One direction is exothermic and the other direction is endothermic.
• What occurs when water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate?

  It drives the backward reaction, reforming blue crystals of hydrated copper sulfate.
• What are the key characteristics of reversible reactions?

  • Indicated by a double arrow
  • Can proceed in both forward and backward directions
  • At equilibrium, both reactions occur at the same rate
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
• What is the significance of a closed system in reversible reactions?

  • Prevents escape of reactants and products
  • Allows equilibrium to be reached
  • Ensures consistent reaction conditions
• How does the position of equilibrium change with varying conditions?

  • Adding heat shifts equilibrium to the right (more products)
  • Cooling shifts equilibrium to the left (more reactants)
  • Different concentrations affect the position but not the equilibrium state
• What is the difference between hydrated and anhydrous substances?

  • Hydrated: Contains water
  • Anhydrous: Lacks water