Group 1 - chemical reactions with oxygen and chlorine

• What is the first vertical column of elements in the periodic table called?

  Group 1
• What do elements in the same group of the periodic table have in common regarding their outer shell?

  They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
• How do the physical properties of elements in the same group of the periodic table behave?

  They show trends in physical properties, such as boiling point
• What do group 1 elements react with to form metal oxides?

  Oxygen from the air
• What happens to the surface of a metal when it reacts with oxygen at room temperature?

  A white oxide forms that covers the surface
• What is the result of the reaction between sodium and oxygen?

  Sodium oxide is formed
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen.

  4Na(s) + O$_2$(g) → 2Na$_2$O(s)
• How does the reactivity of group 1 elements change as you move down the group?

  The reactivity increases down the group
• Why does rubidium become white more quickly than lithium when exposed to air?

  Rubidium is more reactive because it is below lithium in group 1
• What do group 1 elements react with to form chlorides?

  Chlorine
• What are the physical states of the chlorides formed by group 1 elements at room temperature?

  They are white solids
• What happens to the chlorides of group 1 elements when they dissolve in water?

  They form colorless solutions
• What occurs to the outer electron of a group 1 element during a reaction?

  Each atom loses its outer electron to form a positively charged ion
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium with chlorine.

  2K(s) + Cl$_2$(g) → 2KCl(s)
• How does the distance of the outer electron from the nucleus change as you move down group 1?

  The outer electron becomes further from the nucleus
• What happens to the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron as you move down group 1?

  The force of attraction decreases
• Why is the outer electron lost more easily as you move down group 1?

  Because the outer electron is further from the nucleus
• What are the chemical reactions of group 1 elements with oxygen and chlorine?

  • React with oxygen to form metal oxides
  • React with chlorine to form chlorides
  • Both reactions become more vigorous down the group
• Explain the trend in reactivity of group 1 elements.

  • Atoms become larger down the group
  • Outer electron is further from the nucleus
  • Force of attraction decreases
  • Outer electron is lost more easily