state dependent learning means that if we're in the same state when we encode and retrieve, our memories will be better
episodicexplicitmemories are remembering personal experiences with time tags attached
semanticexplicit encoding is storage of general knowledge
explicit encoding is conscious recall of info
implicitprocedural memory is when you unconsciously recall how to automatically do something
Prospective memory is when you remember to do something in the future
Working memory model
Central executive = directs attention
Phonological loop = verbal and auditory info
Visuospatial sketchpad = visual and spatial info
Sensory memory
iconic = short amount of time visual input
echoic = auditory info
short-term memory hold info for 15-30 sec to transfer to long term
long term memory stores for extended periods of time
structural processing
shallow
physical appearances
low retention
phonemic processing
sounds
moderate
moderate retention
Semantic processing
meaning and association
deep
high retention
Mnemonics are memory aids that are words, songs, or rhymes
The Method of Loci is when you imagine things in places that you know (your house)
Chunking is when you break things into smaller units (phone #)
the spacing effect is that you should get sleep between study sessions
the serial position effect is that you are more likely to remember the most recent and first things
the Hippocampus transfers memories from short to long term
long term potentiation is when you use a neural pathway often it will be stronger
maintenance rehearsal is when you rehearse something with no meaning over and over again
elaborativerehearsal is when you rehearse info with meaning
superior autobiographical memory is when you can remember specific details about every day of your life like it was yesterday
retrograde amnesia is when you can't remember old memories
anterogradeamnesia is when you can't form new memories
infantile amnesia is a common occurrence when we cannot remember things from early childhood
Alzheimer's is a neurological disorder that leads to the deterioration of memories and cognitive ability
context-dependent is when something is enhanced when you are in the same physical space as when you learned something
Mood-congruent is when you remember something better because you are is the same mood as when you learned it
Encoding failure is a cognitive phenomenon that occurs when information fails to be effectively transferred and stored in the memory
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event.
Proactive interference is when older memories interfere with the retrieval of newer memories
Retroactive interference refers to conditions in which new learning interferes with old learning
Insufficient retrieval cues refer to a situation where there are not enough reminders or triggers available to help retrieve stored information from memory.
Source Amnesia is the inability to recall where, when, or how one has learned knowledge that has been acquired and retained
constructive memory we use a variety of information (perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, etc.) to fill in gaps, and that the accuracy of our memory may be altered
Imagination inflation is a type of memory distortion that occurs when imagining an event that never happened increases confidence in the memory of the event.