Plumbing Fixtures

• Plumbing Fixtures - an approved receptacle, device, or appliance that uses water, and discharges wastewater such as water closet, urinal, faucet, shower, and water heater.
• Water Closet - plumbing fixtures that serves as an indoor receptacle and removal system for human waste.
• Commode or Toilet - another term for water closet.
• Water Closet - it is made in solid vitrified china cast with an intergral trap.
• Urinals - plumbing fixtures that are commonly used in public restrooms where it is desirable to reduce possible contamination of the water closet seats.
• Urinal - commonly available in vitreous china and enameled iron.
• Waterless Urinals - urinal that is specifically engineered to eliminate potable water consumption for urinal flushing.
• Conventional Urinals uses about 3.5 (13L) of water per flush and modern urinal uses about 0.5 to 1 gal. (2 to 4L) of water per flush.
• In office buildings and schools, waterless urinal can save up to 25,000 gal. (100 000L) of potable water per year per fixture.
• Bidets - personal hygiene plumbing fixtures used for genital and perineal cleanliness.
• Bidets are equipped with valves for hot and cold water.
• showerhead is an overhead nozzle that sprays water down on the bather.
• Lavatories - is a bathroom basin or sink used for personal hygiene.
• Sink - Kitchen sinks are most commonly made of enameled cast iron or stainless steel.
• Sink - are usually available in single and double bowl arrangement.
• waste disposal - typically connected to one of the sink drains.
• Laundry tubs and trays - are large deep sink used in laundry rooms.
• Drinking Fountains and water coolers - offer users a limitless supply of drinking water at any location where water and sanitary drainage are readily available.
• Waste Pipe - smaller in size than the soil pipe.
• Material that passes through waste pipe are grease, lint, hair, matches, garbage and many other objectionable substance.
• The three drainage intallation of the plumbing system.

  • Drainage Pipes
  • waste Pipe
  • vent pipe
• Drainage Pipe - refers to an installation that receives and conveys discharges from water closet with or without water coming from the fixtures.
• waste pipe - is any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the discharges of any fixture except water closet and conveys the same to the soil branch.
• vent pipe - functions as air passage or conduit to ventilate the drainage and waste pipe installation.
• Soil Branch - refers to horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil.
• soil stack - vertical pipe which connects two or more soil branches together.
• The word soil connotes a pipe receiving discharges from water closet.
• General conditions for a good waste pipe installation.

  • By making the right choice of material
  • By conservative use of fittings
  • Right location of the cleanouts
  • Right slope or grade of the pipelines
  • Using the right size of pipe
  • Correct manner of joining the pipes
  • Providing stable and rigid support
• Right slope or grade of pipeline - 2% per meter length.
• Trap Seal Loss - means the loss or escape of standing water inside the p-trap.
• Trap seal loss is usually caused by siphonage.