atomic structure

• Atom

  - smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

  - mostly empty space
• Subatomic Particles

  1. Protons

  2. Neutrons

  3. Electrons
• Electron

  Negatively charged subatomic particle

  very small compared to protons & neutrons

  found outside of the nucleus
• Proton

  Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
• Neutron

  Subatomic particles with no charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton
• Nucleus


  Tiny central core of an atom and made up of protons and neutrons
• Which subatomic particle is unique for each element?

  protons determine the element.
• Atomic Number


  Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element

  Defines the element
• Mass Number

  The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
• Atomic Mass

  Weighted average mass of the atom calculated by the number of protons and neutrons.
• Isotope

  Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
• How do you calculate the number of Neutrons

  mass number - atomic number
• structure of an atom

  an atom is made up of protons and neutrons inside the atom, while electrons move around the nucleus.
• nucleus is

  a small, dense, positively charged core
• electron charge

  -1
• proton charge

  +1
• neutron charge

  0
• atomic number and mass number can be used to determine

  the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
• atomic number

  number of protons
• mass number

  protons + neutrons
• Elements are different because they contain different numbers of

  protons
• atomic number, protons, and electrons in an atom are ...

  all the same number
• The number of protons in an atomic of carbon-12 is

  6 protons
• The mass of Carbon-12 is

  12
• The atomic number for fluorine-19 is

  9
• The mass number for fluorine-19 is

  19
• The atomic number for beryllium-9 is

  4
• Periodic Table of Elements

  a chart where all the elements arranged by atomic number, valence electrons, and electron shells.
• 
  

  A balanced (neutral charged) atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons
• Element

  Cannot be broken down by chemical means
• How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Fe-56?

  26 protons, 30 neutrons, 26 electrons
• Fluorine will gain electrons to become stable
• Magnesium will lose electrons to become stable
• When Oxygen gains electrons, it becomes what charge?

  -2
• When Berylium loses electrons, it become what charge?

  +2