Developing models of the atom

• What do atoms consist of?

  An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells.
• How can the number of subatomic particles in an atom be calculated?

  The number of subatomic particles can be calculated from the atom's atomic number and mass number.
• What are the key components of the atomic model developed by Niels Bohr?

  • Adapted Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model
  • Suggested electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
  • Shells are at certain distances from the nucleus
  • Calculations agreed with experimental observations
• What does the nuclear model of the atom show?

  The nuclear model of the atom shows electrons in shells around the nucleus.
• What is the relative charge of a proton?

  The relative charge of a proton is +1.
• What is a proton?

  A proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1.
• Who found evidence for neutrons and when?

  James Chadwick found evidence for neutrons in 1932.
• What are neutrons?

  Neutrons are uncharged subatomic particles with a mass of 1 relative to a proton.
• What is the relative charge of a neutron?

  The relative charge of a neutron is 0.
• What developments led to the current atomic model?

  • Niels Bohr's adaptation of Rutherford's model
  • Discovery of protons and neutrons
  • Evidence from experiments supporting the existence of these particles
• How did Bohr's calculations contribute to the atomic model?

  Bohr's calculations suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in shells at certain distances.
• What is the significance of the atomic number and mass number in atomic structure?

  The atomic number determines the number of protons, while the mass number indicates the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
• What is the relationship between protons and neutrons in the nucleus?

  Protons and neutrons are both found in the nucleus of an atom.