GCSE

• What is the relationship between the temperature, pressure, and volume of gases?

  They are all related.
• What happens to the volume of a balloon when it is squeezed?

  The balloon gets smaller.
• What occurs to the volume of a gas when the pressure is increased?

  The volume will decrease.
• What did Boyle's experiment with mercury demonstrate?

  It provided evidence for the particle theory.
• Who investigated the relationship between gas pressure and volume in the 17th century?

  Robert Boyle.
• What is the definition of pressure?

  Force exerted over an area.
• What does it mean when volume is inversely proportional to pressure?

  As one variable increases, the other decreases.
• What is the equation that relates pressure and volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature?

  $p \times V =$$\text{constant}$
• What happens to gas pressure if the volume of its container decreases while temperature remains constant?

  The pressure of the gas increases.
• How can the change in volume or pressure for gas at constant temperature be calculated?

  Using the equation $p_{1}V_{1} =$$p_{2}V_{2}$.
• If a gas occupies a volume of 0.50 m³ at a pressure of 100 Pa, what is the new pressure if it is compressed to 0.25 m³?

  The new pressure is $200~Pa$.
• What is the new pressure of a gas with an initial pressure of 200,000 Pa in a volume of 10 m³ when the volume is reduced to 2.5 m³?

  The new pressure is $800,000~Pa$ or $800~kPa$.
• What is Boyle's Law?

  • States that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature:
  • Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
  • As volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa.
• What are the key concepts related to gas pressure and volume?

  • Pressure: Force exerted over an area.
  • Volume: Amount of space a gas occupies.
  • Inverse relationship: As pressure increases, volume decreases.
  • Boyle's Law: $p_{1}V_{1} =$$p_{2}V_{2}$
• Opposite charges


  Repel each other (e.g., two positive charges or two negative charges)
• Like charges


  Similar charges (positive-positive or negative-negative) repel each other. Unlike charges (positive-negative) attract each other.
• Like charges


  Repel each other (e.g., two positive charges or two negative charges)
• Opposite charges


  Attract each other (e.g., one positive and one negative charge)
• Ionization energy


  The energy required to remove an electron from an atom, making it a positively charged ion.
• Polyatomic ions


  Ions that have more than one atom, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), or ammonium (NH4+).
• What do gases take up more space than?

  Solids or liquids
• How are temperature, pressure, and volume of gases related?

  They are all interconnected
• What happens to gas particles compared to solids and liquids?

  • Gas particles move much faster
  • They take up more space
• What is the definition of pressure?

  Force exerted over an area
• What happens to pressure when the force exerted over the same area increases?

  The pressure increases
• How can pressure be increased in a gas?

  By increasing the temperature or decreasing the volume
• What does temperature measure in a substance?

  The average kinetic energy of particles
• How does increasing temperature affect gas particle collisions?

  It increases the force of each collision
• What is the definition of volume?

  A measure of the amount of space or capacity an object occupies
• What happens to the number of collisions per second when volume decreases?

  The number of collisions per second increases
• What did Boyle conclude about volume and pressure?

  Volume is inversely proportional to pressure for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
• What triggered the Industrial Revolution according to Boyle's discoveries?

  The understanding of gas particles moving around
• What is the Industrial Revolution?

  A transformation from handmade to machine-made goods using water, steam, and coal power
• When did Britain experience its Industrial Revolution?

  In the 18th century
• What happens when a force is applied to gas particles?

  It results in a transfer of energy
• What is the unit of force?

  Newton (N)
• What is the formula for work done?

  Work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force
• What is internal energy?

  The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object
• What happens to gas pressure when its volume decreases?

  The pressure increases because particles collide more often
• How does increased pressure affect the temperature of a gas?

  It leads to an increase in temperature