nuclear fission and fusion

• What happens when a large unstable nucleus absorbs an extra neutron?

  It splits into two lighter nuclei.
• What are the products of nuclear fission?

  Two lighter nuclei, neutrons, and gamma radiation.
• Why do all products of nuclear fission have kinetic energy?

  Because they are released with high speed.
• How can neutrons released by nuclear fission cause more fission?

  They can be absorbed by other unstable nuclei.
• What is spontaneous fission?

  Nuclear fission without absorbing extra neutrons.
• What is the process of energy release in nuclear fission used for?

  • Heats water
  • Water boils and turns to steam
  • Steam turns turbines
  • Turbines turn generators
  • Generates electricity
• What is the role of the graphite core in a nuclear fission reactor?

  It slows down neutrons for absorption.
• What do control rods do in a nuclear reactor?

  They absorb neutrons to control the reaction speed.
• What is the purpose of coolant in a nuclear reactor?

  To transfer heat and maintain temperature.
• What is a chained reaction in nuclear fission?

  • Neutrons released cause more fission
  • Releases additional energy
  • Can lead to rapid energy release
  • May result in an explosion
• What occurs during nuclear fusion?

  Two light nuclei join to form one heavy nucleus.
• What happens to mass during nuclear fusion?

  Some mass is converted into energy.
• Where does nuclear fusion occur naturally?

  In the sun.
• Why is energy required to start nuclear fusion?

  To overcome the repulsion of positively charged nuclei.
• What are the differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?

  Nuclear Fission:

  • Splitting of heavy nuclei
  • Releases neutrons and energy
  • Used in nuclear reactors

  
  

  Nuclear Fusion:

  • Joining of light nuclei
  • Converts mass to energy
  • Powers the sun