Filtration and Crystalistion

• What are some methods used to separate mixtures?

  Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, and chromatography
• What factors determine the method chosen for separating mixtures?

  • The type of mixture
  • The physical properties of the components
• What is the purpose of filtration?

  To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
• What is an example of an insoluble solid?

  Sand
• How does filtration work?

  It uses a physical barrier like filter paper to separate solids from liquids
• What are the tiny holes in filter paper used for?

  To allow small molecules and dissolved ions to pass through
• What happens to solid particles during filtration?

  They are caught in the filter paper
• What is crystallisation used for?

  To produce solid crystals from a solution
• What occurs during the process of crystallisation?

  The solvent evaporates, leaving behind solid crystals
• How can you obtain copper sulfate crystals from a solution?

  By warming the copper sulfate solution to evaporate some solvent
• What are the steps to obtain large, regularly shaped crystals from crystallisation?

  1. Place the solution in an evaporating basin
  2. Warm the solution over a boiling water bath
  3. Stop heating when crystals form around the edge
  4. Cool the remaining solution and pour away excess liquid
  5. Dry the crystals using a warm oven or filter paper
• What is the role of the solvent in crystallisation?

  It dissolves the solute to form a solution
• What is the definition of a crystal?

  A solid containing particles joined together in a regular arrangement
• What happens to the volume of the solution during crystallisation?

  It decreases as some of the solvent evaporates
• What is the process of evaporation?

  The process in which a liquid changes state and turns into a gas
• What is the purpose of using a Bunsen burner in crystallisation?

  To heat the solution and facilitate evaporation
• What should you do after the remaining solution has cooled down in crystallisation?

  Pour away the excess liquid or filter it
• How can you dry the crystals obtained from crystallisation?

  By using a warm oven or patting them with filter paper
• What is a mixture?

  A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
• What is a pure substance?

  A material made of only one type of particle
• What is the difference between soluble and insoluble substances?

  Soluble substances can dissolve in a solvent, while insoluble substances cannot
• What is a reactant?

  A substance that reacts with another to form products
• What is a molecule?

  A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
• What is an ion?

  An electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons