Smaller families means that women are more likely to be able to go out and work - creating the dual earning couple.
The Family
However, family sizes is only one factor here e.g. better off couples may be able to have larger families and still afford childcare that allows them to work full time.
The dependency ratio
This is the relationship between the size of the working population and the non-working or the 'dependent' part of the population. The earnings, savings and taxes of the working population must support the dependent population.
The dependency ratio
Fertility rates means fewer children, as a result, childhood because a lonelier experience as fewer children have siblings.
The dependency ratio
Fewer children being born in the short term means less schools/ maternity hospitals and a reduction in the dependency burden.
The dependency ratio
Fewer children being born in the short term means less schools/ maternity hospitals and a reduction in the dependency burden.
Public services and policies
A lower birth rates means that fewer schools or reducing class sizes, maternity and child health serves may be needed. It also affects the cost of maternity and paternity leave and the types of housing that need to be built.
An ageing population
One effect if women having fewer children is that the average age of the population is rising. There are more old people relative to young people.
