Qing (manchu)

• Qing Dynasty decline


  Internal conflicts, corruption, and external threats led to decline
• Qing Conquest


  The Qing dynasty expanded its territory, absorbing remaining Ming territories
• Qianlong Emperor


  Expanded the empire and established the Qing as dominant power in East Asia
• Qing Dynasty


  The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese empire that ruled from 1644 to 1912 CE, marked by a period of unification, economic growth, and cultural achievements, but ultimately succumbed to decline, corruption, and external pressure.
• Kangxi Emperor


  Second emperor of the Qing Dynasty, ruled from 1662 to 1722
• Qing Culture


  Emphasis on Confucianism, literature, and art with a strong influence from Manchu culture
• Qing Economy


  Agriculture, trade, and commerce with a focus on silver mining
• Qing Government


  Imperial system with a strong bureaucracy and a system of provincial governors
• Qing Military


  Professional army with a focus on defense and expansion
• Qing Capital


  Beijing
• Qing-Ming Relations


  Competition and conflict (Protracted War, War of Annihilation) alongside cooperation and trade (Silk Road, tea trade) and border control.
• What years did the Qing Dynasty rule China?

  1644–1912
• How was the administration of the Qing Dynasty characterized?

  It was characterized by a centralized imperial bureaucracy
• What principles was the Qing Dynasty's administration rooted in?

  Confucian principles
• Who established the Qing Dynasty's administration?

  The Manchu ethnic group
• What was the basis of the Qing Dynasty's administrative structure?

  It was based on the traditional Chinese administrative structure
• What was a key component of tax collection during the Qing Dynasty?

  It was a systematic and essential component of the imperial administration
• What did tax collection provide for the Qing Dynasty?

  Financial resources needed to sustain the vast empire
• What types of taxes were included in the Qing Dynasty's taxation system?

  Land taxes, grain taxes, and commercial taxes
• What was the primary source of revenue for the Qing Dynasty?

  The land tax
• How was the land tax assessed during the Qing Dynasty?

  It was based on the estimated productivity of agricultural land
• In what form was the land tax typically collected?

  In the form of grains
• What authority did the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty hold?

  Divine authority
• Who assisted the Emperor in the Qing Dynasty?

  A council of ministers known as the Grand Council
• Who were the members of the Grand Council?

  High-ranking officials, including the chief grand councilor and heads of six ministries
• What was the role of the civil service examination system in the Qing Dynasty?

  It played a crucial role in recruiting officials based on merit
• What ideals was the civil service examination system based on?

  Confucian ideals
• What did passing the civil service examinations allow scholars to do?

  Be appointed to administrative positions based on their merit
• What type of system did the civil service examination foster?

  A meritocratic system
• How was the local administration organized in the Qing Dynasty?

  Into provinces governed by a governor-general overseeing several governors
• What was the purpose of the baojia system in the Qing Dynasty?

  To maintain social order through community-based policing
• What system did the Manchus introduce to organize society?

  The banner system
• What did the banner system do in the Qing Dynasty?

  Organized society into military and civilian areas
• What three religions were mixed during the Qing Dynasty's administration?

  Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism
• What does the mixture of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism in the Qing Dynasty signify?

  It marked a continuation of the imperial tradition established by previous dynasties
• Which principles did the Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty adhere to?

  Confucian principles
• What was the primary means of selecting officials during the Qing Dynasty?

  The imperial examination system
• How did the imperial examination system impact the administrative positions in the Qing Dynasty?

  It ensured that Confucian-educated bureaucrats held key administrative positions
• What three religions were mixed during the Qing Dynasty's administration?

  Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism
• What did the mixture of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism in the Qing Dynasty signify?

  It marked a continuation of the imperial tradition established by previous dynasties