Cards (27)

  • When was the first successful transplant of the cornea performed?
    In 1905
  • What techniques were developed during the First World War related to transplants?
    Techniques for skin transplantation
  • What was the first complete organ to be successfully transplanted?
    The kidney
  • Which organs can now be transplanted besides the kidney?
    Livers, lungs, pancreases, and bone marrow
  • Who performed the first successful heart transplant and when?
    Christiaan Barnard in 1967
  • How long did the patient survive after the first successful heart transplant?
    18 days
  • What caused the patient's death after the first heart transplant?
    Pneumonia
  • What is the main problem associated with transplants?
    Rejection by the immune system
  • How does the immune system react to a transplant?
    It attacks the implant as if it were a virus
  • Why was the success of early transplant operations limited?
    Lack of effective immunosuppressants
  • What are immunosuppressants?
    Drugs that stop the immune system attacking
  • Since when have researchers developed more effective immunosuppressants?
    Since the 1970s
  • What impact have effective immunosuppressants had on transplants?
    They make transplants safer and more successful
  • What has improved modern surgery?
    Advances in technology and science
  • What disease treatments have improved due to technology?
    Treatments for diseases like cancer
  • Who discovered radiation?
    Antoine Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, Pierre Curie
  • What is radiation therapy used for?
    To kill cancer cells
  • When did laser technology begin to be used in medicine?
    In the 1980s
  • What are some applications of laser surgery?
    Correcting vision problems and cancer treatment
  • When was the first surgical robot introduced?
    In 1985
  • What system popularized robot-assisted surgery?
    The da Vinci system
  • What is a benefit of robot-assisted surgery?
    Smaller cuts leading to less scarring
  • What is keyhole surgery?
    A surgery using an endoscope through small cuts
  • What is one use of keyhole surgery?
    Investigating pain or infertility
  • What are some procedures performed using keyhole surgery?
    Vasectomies, cyst removal, appendix removal
  • What is a benefit of keyhole surgery?
    Smaller scars and quicker recovery
  • How have new surgical methods affected surgeons' precision?
    Improved precision leading to less infection