pyschodynamic approach

• Who is the psychologist most people can name without studying psychology?

  Sigmund Freud
• What is the name of Freud's approach to psychology?

  Psychodynamics
• What aspect of psychology did Freud focus on that was influential in later theories?

  Early childhood experience and the role of the unconscious mind
• What popular form of counseling did Freud develop?

  Psychotherapy
• What are the three parts of the mind according to Freud?

  • Conscious mind
  • Preconscious mind
  • Unconscious mind
• What does the conscious mind include?

  Ideas, decisions, and emotions
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts and memories not currently conscious but can be brought to awareness
• What is the largest part of the mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• What is psychic determinism?

  The unconscious mind drives conscious behavior and shapes personality
• What are the three defense mechanisms mentioned?

  Repression, denial, and displacement
• What are the three parts of personality according to Freud?

  • ID: Pleasure principle, selfish part
  • Ego: Reality principle, mediator
  • Superego: Morality principle, values of parents and society
• What is the ID known for?

  Being the selfish part of the mind that seeks pleasure
• What does the ego do?

  Controls the demands of the ID and mediates between the ID and superego
• What is the superego associated with?

  Morality and the values of parents and society
• How does Freud explain criminal behavior?

  Due to an overdeveloped or underdeveloped superego
• What is the iceberg metaphor in Freud's theory?

  • Represents the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind
  • Only a small part is visible (conscious)
  • The majority is hidden (unconscious) and drives behavior
• What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud?

  1. Oral stage (0-1 years)
  2. Anal stage (1-3 years)
  3. Phallic stage (3-5 years)
  4. Latency stage (6-12 years)
  5. Genital stage (12+ years)
• What happens during the oral stage?

  The baby receives pleasure from their mouth during breastfeeding
• What is fixation in the oral stage?

  Results in an immature personality due to unresolved conflict during weaning
• What occurs during the anal stage?

  The child experiences pleasure from potty training and controlling feces
• What is anal-retentive behavior?

  Overly organized and fussy personality due to strict potty training
• What is the phallic stage associated with?

  Focus on genitals and the Oedipus complex in boys
• What is the Oedipus complex?

  Boys feel attraction to their mother and see their father as a competitor
• What is castration anxiety?

  A fear that the father will remove the boy's genitals
• How do boys resolve the Oedipus complex?

  By identifying with their father and imitating his behavior
• What is penis envy according to Freud?

  Girls realize they lack a penis and initially blame their mother
• What happens in the latency stage?

  Sexual energy is dispersed and early childhood memories are repressed
• What occurs in the genital stage?

  Sexual desire becomes conscious during puberty
• What are defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

  • Strategies used by the ego to manage conflicts
  • Reduce anxiety from conflicts between ID and superego
  • Examples: denial, displacement, repression
• What is denial as a defense mechanism?

  Refusing to accept the reality of a situation
• What is displacement as a defense mechanism?

  Shifting strong emotions from the source to a substitute target
• What is repression as a defense mechanism?

  Placing unpleasant memories or emotions into the unconscious
• Why is Freud's work still taught in modern psychology courses?

  • Historically influential on later theories
  • Focus on early childhood experience and trauma
  • Developed concepts of the unconscious mind
• What is the criticism regarding the scientific credibility of Freud's ideas?

  Many ideas lack empirical support and are based on case studies
• What is falsifiability in the context of Freud's theories?

  The ability to demonstrate a theory is incorrect
• How does Freud explain criminality?

  As a result of an overdeveloped or deviant superego
• What is the role of the ego in Freud's theory?

  To mediate between the demands of the ID and the superego
• What is the significance of the Freud Museum?

  It provides an introduction to Freud's ideas and theories
• What is the practical application of psychodynamics?

  Psychoanalysis as a form of talking therapy
• What is the concept of base validity in Freud's ideas?

  Some of Freud's ideas have intuitive appeal and can be observed in behavior