humanistic approach

• Who is the psychologist most people can name without studying psychology?

  Sigmund Freud
• What is the name of Freud's approach to psychology?

  Psychodynamics
• Why were Freud's theories influential despite being rejected by most psychologists today?

  They were foundational in the development of later theories and approaches
• What popular form of counseling did Freud develop?

  Psychotherapy
• What does the conscious mind include according to Freud?

  Ideas, decisions, and emotions
• What is the preconscious mind?

  Thoughts and memories not currently conscious but can be brought to awareness
• What is the largest part of the mind according to Freud?

  The unconscious mind
• What does psychic determinism refer to?

  The unconscious mind drives conscious behavior and shapes personality
• What are the three parts of the mind according to Freud?

  The conscious mind, preconscious, and unconscious
• What is the role of the ego?

  To mediate between the demands of the ID and the super ego
• What is the ID known as?

  The Pleasure Principle
• What does the super ego represent?

  The Morality Principle
• What happens if a child becomes fixated at a psychosexual stage?

  It can alter their personality and lead to mental disorders
• What is the oral stage of psychosexual development?

  The stage where pleasure is derived from the mouth during breastfeeding
• What is anal-retentive personality?

  Overly organized and fussy behavior due to strict potty training
• What is the phallic stage characterized by?

  Focus on the genitals and the Oedipus complex in boys
• What is the Oedipus complex?

  A boy's attraction to his mother and rivalry with his father
• What is penis envy according to Freud?

  A girl's realization that she does not have a penis and her desire for one
• What happens during the latency stage?

  Sexual energy is repressed and desires from early childhood are hidden
• What is the final genital stage of psychosexual development?

  The stage where sexual desire becomes conscious during puberty
• What are the three defense mechanisms described by Freud?

  • Repression: Unpleasant memories pushed into the unconscious
  • Denial: Refusal to accept reality
  • Displacement: Redirecting emotions to a weaker target
• What is the criticism regarding Freud's scientific credibility?

  Many of his ideas lack empirical support and are not falsifiable
• What is the historical significance of Freud's theories?

  They were foundational for later psychological theories and concepts
• What is the practical application of psychodynamics?

  Psychoanalysis is a common form of talking therapy
• What did the meta-analysis by Dmats conclude about psychoanalytic therapy?

  It supports the effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy
• What is the concept of base validity in Freud's ideas?

  Some of Freud's ideas resonate with people's experiences and intuitions
• How do people identify defense mechanisms in others?

  By observing behaviors like denial, displacement, and repression
• What is the role of the unconscious mind in behavior according to Freud?

  It influences conscious feelings and behaviors
• What is the relationship between early childhood experiences and adult personality according to Freud?

  Early experiences shape the unconscious mind and influence adult personality
• What is the significance of the iceberg metaphor in Freud's theory?

  It illustrates the vastness of the unconscious mind compared to the conscious mind
• How does Freud explain criminal behavior?

  It can result from an underdeveloped or deviant super ego
• What is the role of the super ego in personality development?

  It enforces moral standards and can cause feelings of guilt
• What is the significance of Freud's focus on trauma in childhood?

  It highlights the long-lasting effects trauma can have on adult life
• What is the criticism regarding Freud's case studies?

  They may be biased and lack objectivity
• What does the term "falsifiability" mean in the context of Freud's theories?

  It refers to the ability to test and potentially disprove a theory
• How does Freud's work influence modern psychology?

  His ideas have been reframed into more scientific language and concepts
• What is the significance of the Freud Museum?

  It provides an introduction to Freud's ideas and theories
• What is the role of the ego in managing conflicts?

  It attempts to find a balance between the demands of the ID and the super ego
• How does Freud's theory explain the development of gender identity?

  Through identification with the same-sex parent during the phallic stage
• What is the significance of the psychosexual stages in Freud's theory?

  They influence personality development and can lead to fixation