social influence extended response

• What ethical issue arose from Milgram's study regarding informed consent?

  Participants could not give informed consent as revealing the study's true nature would influence results.
• What deception was involved in Milgram's study?


  Participants believed they were shocking a learner, but they were not actually harming anyone.
• How were participants affected by psychological harm in Milgram's study?


  Many participants experienced distress at the thought of harming another individual.
• What did Milgram do to address the psychological harm experienced by participants?


  He debriefed participants at the conclusion of the study and later to ensure no prolonged stress.
• What limitation is associated with the sample used in Milgram's study?


  The sample involved only males, which may not represent a female population.
• What is another limitation regarding the generalizability of Milgram's study results?


  It is questioned whether similar results would be found in a non-western population.
• How is obedience defined in the context of social psychology?


  Obedience is a change in behavior due to direct instruction from an authority figure to avoid punishment.
• What was the aim of Milgram's study?


  To investigate the extent to which individuals would obey an authority figure.
• What method did Milgram use in his study, and what is one advantage of this method?


  Milgram used an observational method, which allows the observer to gather data without asking participants for information.
• What is one disadvantage of the observational method used by Milgram?

  It can be time-consuming to gather and analyze data.
• What were the key steps in Milgram's procedure?

  • Volunteer recruitment
  • Participants misled about studying learning and memory
  • Drawing straws to assign roles (learner or teacher)
  • Confederates always played the learner role
  • Experimenter dressed in a grey lab coat
  • Teacher and experimenter in one room, learner in another
  • Learner connected to a fake shock generator
  • Teacher asked questions and shocked learner for incorrect answers
  • Shocks increased from 15 volts to 450 volts
  • Learner gave incorrect answers intentionally
  • Experimenter instructed teacher to continue when they hesitated
• How did Milgram's findings explain the behavior of Coco's students?

  Coco was seen as a legitimate authority figure, leading her students to obey her instructions.
• Why did Coco's new students not follow her instructions?

  They did not view her as a legitimate authority figure.
• What is meant by a standardised procedure in Milgram's study?


  It means each participant experienced the exact same process during the study.
• Why is the standardised procedure considered a strength of Milgram's study?


  It decreases the impact of experimenter effects, increasing the validity of the study.
• How is social influence defined in psychology?


  Social influence is the change in behaviors and attitudes of an individual due to the real or implied presence of others.
• What process of social influence is Sophie experiencing?


  Sophie is experiencing compliance, conforming publicly while disagreeing privately.
• How does Sophie demonstrate compliance in her behavior?


  She brings vegan lunches to receive approval from the group despite disagreeing with veganism privately.
• What process of social influence is Prisha experiencing?

  Prisha is experiencing internalization, genuinely accepting the group's norm of veganism.
• How does Prisha demonstrate internalization in her behavior?


  She adopts the veganism belief of the group and continues to conform in private.
• What factor contributed to Sophie and Prisha conforming?


  Group size, as the rate of conformity increases with larger groups.
• How did the critical trials in Asch's study differ from other trials?


  In critical trials, confederates gave obviously incorrect answers.
• What is a limitation of generalizing Asch's findings?


  The sample is biased as it primarily consisted of college students.
• How is prosocial behavior defined?


  Prosocial behavior is voluntary intentional behavior to benefit others.
• Why do people engage in prosocial behavior?


  People help others similar to themselves, to ensure a future, or for personal benefit.
• What social influence is evident in the boys' prosocial behavior?


  Altruism, as they help others without expecting a reward.
• How does competence influence the boys' prosocial behavior?


  They are more likely to help if they feel they have the ability to do so.
• What factor influences Bastian's prosocial behavior related to social responsibility?


  He feels expected to act in a way that helps society due to his upbringing.
• How does mood influence Bastian's prosocial behavior?


  People tend to help more when they are in a good mood, and Bastian is known to be happy.
• What factor influences Hoang's prosocial behavior related to the reciprocity principle?


  Hoang feels obligated to return the favor to those who helped his grandparents as refugees.
• How does empathy influence Hoang's prosocial behavior?


  Hoang can relate to people in need because of his grandparents' stories.