AOS 2

• what is asexual reproduction?


  the production of new individuals or offspring through mitosis so that each daughter cell is an exact copy of the parent cell
• what are the ways of reproducing asexually?

  • binary fission
  • budding
  • fragmentation
  • spore formation
  • parthenogenesis
  • vegetative propagation
• what are the advantages of asexual reproduction?


  • population growth an occur very rapidly
  • only one parent is required
  • every member of the population can give birth to an offspring
  • in favourable conditions organisms can spread quickly
• what are the disadvantages of asexual production?


  • there is no genetic variation
  • existing characteristics may not be suitable to new conditions
  • outbreak of disease can wipe out the population
• what is sexual reproduction?


  the process where two parent organisms, typically one male and one female, produce offspring by combining their genetic materia
• what are the advantages of sexual reproduction?


  • genetic diversity
  • increased chance for survival
  • elimination of harmful mutations
• what are the disadvantages of sexual production?


  • energy and time consuming
  • slower reproduction
  • need two parents
• what is an ecosystem?


  all living organisms in a specific area that make up the populations in the community. The living organisms are interacting with each other and their physical surroundings
• what is biotic factors?


  living things
• what is are abiotic factors?


  non - living things/ the physical surroundings
• what is population?


  1 group of individuals belonging to the same species living in a specific area at the same time
• what is a habitat?


  the area or environment where an individual or species lives within an ecosystm
• what is meant by genetic variation?


  the range of genotypes of individuals in a population of a species or entire species
• what is an adaptation?


  any inherited feature or characteristic which increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a specific environment

  3 types:

  • structural
  • physiological
  • behavioural
• what is structural adaptation?


  the physical or anatomical features an organism possess that increase its chances of survival and reproduction in its natural environment
• what is physiological adaptation?


  are how an organic functions which increase its chances of survival and reproduction in its natural environment
• what is behavioural adaptation?


  the ways I'm which an organism acts/ behaves in response to stimuli to improve its chances of survival and reproduction
• what is symbiosis?


  ay type of a close and long - term biological interactopm between two different organisms

  4 types:

  • parasitism
  • mutualism
  • commensalism
  • amensalism
• what is parasitism?


  one species benefits at the expense of the other
• what is mutualism?


  both species in the relationship benefit and neither is harmed
• what is commensalism?


  one species benefits nd the other neither benefits nor is harmed
• what is amensalism?


  one species is gated and the other neither benefits or is harmed
• what does it mean by competition?


  individuals in a species are in competition with each other and members of other species is they require the same resources to fulfil their needs for survival
• what is meant by predation?


  Predation is the act of one organism (predator) feeding on another organism (prey).
• what is a food chain?

  is a simple, linear sequence that shows how energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another in an ecosystem. Each organism in the food chain is a step in the transfer of energy. It starts with producers (usually plants) and moves up to consumers (animals that eat other organisms)
• what is a food web?


  more complex and realistic representation of how energy flows in an ecosystem. Unlike a food chain, which shows a single pathway of energy, a food web shows multiple interconnected food chains. This is because most organisms eat more than one type of food, and they are eaten by multiple predators.
• what is a herbivore?


  eat only plants
• what is a carnivore?


  An animal that primarily eats meat.
• what is an omnivore?


  An omnivore is an organism that eats both plants and animals.
• what are scavengers?


  Organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter.
• what is a producer?


  uses the sun to create their energy/ food
• what is a consumer?


  eats for energy