Making salts

• What do acids react with to produce salts?

  Metals, bases, and carbonates
• What is neutralisation?

  The reaction between an acid and a base
• What is produced when acids react with reactive metals?

  • A salt
  • Hydrogen gas
• What is the general equation for an acid reacting with a metal?

  acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
• What is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with zinc?

  HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2
• What indicates the presence of hydrogen gas during a reaction?

  A burning splint produces a squeaky pop sound
• How does the reactivity of metals affect the reaction rate with acids?

  More reactive metals react faster
• What are the products of an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide?

  • A salt
  • Water
• What is the general equation for an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide?

  acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
• What is the reaction of nitric acid with lithium hydroxide?

  HNO₃ + LiOH → LiNO₃ + H₂O
• What is the ionic equation for the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?

  H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)
• What are the products of an acid reacting with a base?

  • A salt
  • Water
• What is the general equation for an acid reacting with a base?

  acid + base → salt + water
• What is the reaction of nitric acid with magnesium oxide?

  2HNO₃ + MgO → Mg(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
• What are the products of an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?

  • A salt
  • Water
  • Carbon dioxide
• What is the general equation for an acid reacting with a metal carbonate?

  acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
• What is the reaction of sulfuric acid with iron(II) carbonate?

  H2SO4 + FeCO3 → FeSO4 + H2O + CO2
• How can carbon dioxide be detected during a reaction?

  By passing it through limewater
• What does bubbling during a reaction indicate?

  Carbon dioxide is being produced
• How can you test if a solution is acidic using carbonates?

  • Add sodium carbonate to the solution
  • If carbon dioxide is produced, it is acidic
• How can you test for the presence of carbonate ions in a solution?

  • Add an acid to the solution
  • If bubbles of carbon dioxide are produced, carbonate ions are present
• What type of reaction occurs when acids react with metals?

  Exothermic reaction
• What type of reaction occurs when acids react with metal hydroxides?

  Exothermic reaction
• What type of reaction occurs when acids react with metal oxides?

  Exothermic reaction
• What type of reaction occurs when acids react with metal carbonates?

  Exothermic reaction
• What is the role of indicators in determining pH levels?

  They show whether a solution is acidic or basic
• What is produced when acids react with metals, bases, and carbonates?

  Salts
• What is neutralisation?

  The reaction between an acid and a base
• What is a salt?

  • A compound formed by neutralisation
  • Example: Sodium chloride
• How is a salt formed from an acid?

  Hydrogen ions in the acid are replaced by metal ions
• What is the pH of an acid?

  Lower than 7
• What causes acidity in a substance?

  A high concentration of hydrogen ions
• How do you name a salt?

  • First part from the metal or base
  • Second part from the acid
• What salt is produced from nitric acid?

  Nitrate salts
• What salt is produced from hydrochloric acid?

  Chloride salts
• What salt is produced from sulfuric acid?

  Sulfate salts
• What happens when potassium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid?

  Produces potassium sulfate and water
• What type of salts does ammonia form when it reacts with acids?

  Ammonium salts
• What salt is produced when ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid?

  Ammonium chloride
• What do you need to learn to write symbol equations for acid reactions?

  • Formulae of common substances
  • How to write formulae from ions