Definitions

• What is the actual yield in a chemical reaction?


  The amount of product actually produced by a reaction.
• What does atom economy measure?


  The amount of starting materials that end up as useful products.
• What is the Avogadro constant?


  The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance.
• What does Avogadro’s law state?

  Equal amounts in moles of gases occupy the same volume under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
• How is concentration defined in chemistry?


  The amount of substance in a certain volume of a solution.
• What does the law of conservation of mass state?


  No atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction, so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.
• What is a limiting reactant?


  The reactant that is completely used up, limiting the amount of products formed.
• What is the unit for measuring chemical amounts?


  The mole, symbolized as mol.
• How is percentage by mass calculated?


  By dividing the mass of a component by the total mass of the mixture and multiplying by 100.
• What does percentage yield represent?


  The percentage ratio of the actual yield of product from a reaction compared with the theoretical yield.
• What is relative formula mass?


  The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula.
• What is the theoretical yield?


  The maximum amount of product that could be produced from the given reactants, assuming a complete reaction takes place.
• What is thermal decomposition?


  The reaction that occurs when heat is applied to a compound, causing it to break down into its different chemical constituents.
• What does uncertainty in measurements refer to?


  All measurements have a degree of uncertainty due to limitations of measuring equipment or the skill of the experimenter.