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paper 2
C9)the atmosphere
the atmosphere
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Arwa
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Cards (23)
What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
About
78
%
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
About
21%
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What are some of the other gases present in the atmosphere besides nitrogen and oxygen?
Carbon dioxide
, water vapor, and noble gases like
argon
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How long have the gases in the atmosphere remained relatively constant?
For around
200 million
years
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How old is the Earth estimated to be?
About
4,600 million
years
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What was the state of the early atmosphere during the first billion years?
It consisted mainly of
carbon dioxide
with little or no
oxygen
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How did the early atmosphere compare to the atmospheres of Mars and Venus today?
It was very much like the atmospheres of
Mars
and
Venus
today
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What happened to the water vapor as the Earth cooled?
It
condensed
to form the
oceans
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What gases did volcanoes release during the early atmosphere formation?
Water vapor,
carbon dioxide
,
nitrogen
,
methane
, and ammonia
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What did the weak acid react with in the sea?
Minerals
in the sea
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What did some of the carbon dioxide dissolve in the oceans to form?
A
weak acid
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What did the reaction of carbon dioxide and minerals form over time?
Sediments
of
carbonate
rock on the seabed
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How did some of the carbon dioxide in the sea contribute to the formation of limestone?
It was used to make
corals
and shells of organisms
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What happened to the level of carbon dioxide in the early atmosphere over time?
It began to
fall
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When did photosynthetic algae first evolve in the oceans?
Around
2.7 billion
years ago
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What process produced oxygen that entered the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis
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What did the evolution of plants do to the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere?
It
increased
the amount of
oxygen
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What is the significance of the increase in oxygen levels for animal evolution?
It allowed animals to
evolve
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What does photosynthesis take in besides producing oxygen?
Carbon dioxide
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What can happen to the carbon from photosynthesis?
It can be trapped in
fossil fuels
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What are the main changes in the atmosphere from the early period to now?
Early atmosphere: High
carbon dioxide
, low
oxygen
Current atmosphere: Low carbon dioxide,
21%
oxygen
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What processes contributed to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Formation of
oceans
Dissolution of carbon dioxide in oceans
Formation of
carbonate rocks
Photosynthesis
by
algae
and plants
Formation of
limestone
from shells
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
+ Water + Light energy →
Glucose
+
Oxygen
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