Cell structure

• What are cells considered in biological terms?

  Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
• How do bacterial cells reproduce compared to animal and plant cells?

  Bacterial cells reproduce by dividing into two, creating a whole new organism.
• What does it mean for animals and plants to be multicellular?

  It means they contain many cells that work together.
• How many different types of cells are estimated to be in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells.
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  The cell membrane controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
• What does the nucleus contain?

  The nucleus contains the genetic material or DNA of the cell.
• What is cytoplasm and its role in the cell?

  Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place and subcellular structures are suspended.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Mitochondria provide energy to the cell through aerobic respiration.
• What process do mitochondria use to release energy?

  Mitochondria break down sugars like glucose in a process called aerobic respiration.
• What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  The cell wall provides support and structure to the cell.
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, a mixture of sugars, salts, and water.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs.
• What is chlorophyll and its function in chloroplasts?

  Chlorophyll absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis.
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells.
• What does it mean for bacteria to be unicellular?

  It means bacteria consist of a single prokaryotic cell.
• What are the main structures found in bacterial cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • Circular strand of DNA (nucleoid)
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Bacterial cells lack mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• How is the genetic material organized in bacterial cells?

  Bacterial cells have a single circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

  Plasmids are small rings of DNA that carry extra genes.
• What is the function of flagella in some bacterial cells?

  Flagella allow bacteria to move by rotating to propel them along.
• What is the significance of antibiotic resistance genes found in plasmids?

  They provide bacteria with the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics.
• How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material organization?

  Prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA, while eukaryotic cells have DNA contained within a nucleus.
• What is the overall purpose of the video discussed in the study material?

  The video aims to explain the structure and function of different types of cells.