Kingdoms of life

• What are the five groups of organisms discussed in the video?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among the groups of organisms?

  Because they are not actually living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made up of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

  Their DNA is found in a nucleus
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  Bacteria are prokaryotes and do not have a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Bacteria are between 10 and 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of different species of animals on Earth?

  Between 5 and 10 million
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular, heterotrophs, and most reproduce sexually
• What does the term multicellular mean?

  Each organism is made up of many cells
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis using sunlight
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  Around 300,000 species
• What distinguishes fungi from plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize and are heterotrophs
• What is saprotrophic nutrition in fungi?

  A process where fungi secrete enzymes to digest food outside their body
• What is mycelium in fungi?

  A body made up of thread-like structures called hyphae
• What is a pathogen?

  An organism that can cause disease
• What are protists primarily characterized as?

  Mostly unicellular organisms
• What is the term used for the kingdom that includes organisms like chlorella and amoeba?

  Protists
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  Some photosynthesize while others consume other organisms
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material
• Why are viruses classified as parasites?

  Because they depend on other organisms to reproduce
• What is the main characteristic of all viruses?

  They always cause harm to other living organisms
• What is the estimated size comparison of viruses to a fingernail?

  Almost a million viruses can fit across the width of a fingernail
• Can viruses reproduce on their own?

  No, they must infect a living cell to reproduce
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, use photosynthesis
  • Fungi: multicellular and unicellular, heterotrophs, use saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse energy acquisition
  • Bacteria: single-celled, diverse habitats, some pathogenic
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  • Eukaryotic organisms:
  • Have a nucleus
  • DNA in chromosomes
  • Larger size
  • Prokaryotic organisms:
  • No nucleus
  • DNA is loose in the cell
  • Smaller size
• What are the characteristics of viruses?

  • Non-living particles
  • Composed of a protein coat and genetic material
  • Can only reproduce inside living cells
  • Always cause harm to their hosts