The Working Memory Model

• How does the working model of memory improve upon the short-term memory store?

  It explains how the brain holds and works on both auditory and visual information
• What are the key differences between short-term memory and the working memory model?

  • Short-term memory is a passive store; working memory is an active processor.
  • Short-term memory is unitary; working memory can process multiple types of information.
• What is the first component of the working memory model?

  Central executive
• What is the role of the central executive in the working memory model?

  It pays attention to information and controls other components
• How much information can the central executive hold at one time?

  One type of information
• What does the phonological loop process?

  Auditory information like sounds and words
• What are the two sections of the phonological loop?

  Phonological store and articulatory process
• What is the capacity of the phonological loop?

  What can be said in two seconds
• What is the function of the visuospatial sketchpad?

  Processing visual and spatial information
• What are the two processors of the visuospatial sketchpad according to Logie?

  Visual cache and inner scribe
• What does the episodic buffer do?

  Integrates and stores information from different sources
• Why was the episodic buffer added to the working memory model?

  To explain how information is combined from different memory stores
• What are the features of the working memory model that need to be known for exams?

  • Coding: Phonological loop is acoustic; visuospatial sketchpad is visual.
  • Capacity: Phonological loop is limited to what can be said in two seconds; central executive is four items plus or minus one.
• What does the dual task performance study by Baddeley demonstrate?

  It shows the separation between the slave systems of working memory
• What was the finding of the case study by Charlesworth Warrington regarding K.F.?

  1. F. had selective impairments to verbal short-term memory but not visual short-term memory
• What type of evidence supports the existence of the episodic buffer?

  Biological evidence from brain scanning studies
• What did the fMRI study by Parapacaran reveal about the episodic buffer?

  It showed identifiable activation in the prefrontal cortex when information was integrated
• What is the word length effect demonstrated by Baddeley's study?

  People can remember more short monosyllabic words than longer words
• What are some criticisms of the working memory model?

  • The central executive is not clearly defined.
  • Reliance on laboratory studies may lack external validity.
  • Inferences made about memory processes may be incorrect.
• Why is the central executive considered a weak point in the working memory model?

  It is not fully operationalized and lacks clarity in its functions
• How does the reliance on laboratory studies affect the working memory model's findings?

  It raises concerns about the external validity of the results
• What does the term "inference" mean in the context of cognitive psychology?

  It refers to educated guesses about underlying processes based on observed behavior
• How can the working memory model be applied to real-life situations?

  It helps explain how we multitask and process different types of information
• What strategies can students use to remember the working memory model effectively?

  • Draw the model from memory.
  • Relate components to studies that support them.
  • Use mnemonic devices for key terms.
• What should students focus on when preparing for questions about the working memory model?

  Key ideas and evaluations they are most comfortable with
• What is the purpose of the tutorial available for patrons on psycboost.com?

  To provide a model answer for an exam question on the working memory model
• What should students do to stay updated with new videos before exams?

  Subscribe to the channel
• What are the implications of the working memory model for psychology?

  • It provides a more accurate description of short-term memory.
  • Influences terminology used in psychology, favoring "working memory."
  • Encourages further research into cognitive processes.